Abstract. Abbas B, Kabes RJ, Mawikere NL, Ruimassa RMR, Maturbong RA. 2020. DNA barcode of Metroxylon sagu and other palm species using matK gene. Biodiversitas 21: 4047-4057. Palm family encompasses numerous species, and they disperse broadly across tropical and subtropical countries. The palm family is generally used as an ornamental plant, food, oil, and industrial raw materials. Species of palm that accumulate large amount carbohydrate in the trunk is sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb). The objectives of this study were to explore the plastid sequence associated with matK genes in the palm family and to reveal DNA barcode of 16 genera and 28 species of the palm. Plant materials used in the studies were derived from Sago Research Center (SRC), and other palm sequences were retrieved from the GenBank, NCBI accessions. The PCR product was sequenced by the 1st Base Asia, Singapore. Sequences of the matK gene that were observed in the plastid genome of M. sagu were registered into the NCBI GenBank as DNA barcode of M. sagu. Percent query cover of Blast analysis range from 98% to 100%, and identity range from 97.70% to 100%. Plastid nucleotides associated with matK genes in the chloroplast genome of palm family were shown substantial differences in inter-genera and small differences in inter-species. Genetic distance among palm family range from 0 to 0.026 with nucleotide variation observed was of 0.008822 value. The result of molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the palm family separated into three clades and three sub-clades based on the plastid matK gene. Species of M. sagu and M. warburgii were considered closely related as compared to other palm species. The matK gene barcoding method is one powerful tool for identification inter-genera and inter-species of the palm.
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mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">Sowang (<em>Xanthosthemon</em> sp.) is one of endemic Papua trees. These wood uses as construction, furniture, and art material. The objectives of the study were ability sowang wood extract to termites (<em>Neotermes</em> sp.), white rote fungi (<em>Coriolus Versicolor</em>) and brown rot fungi (<em>Tyromyces palustris</em>). The results showed that the crude acetone and diethyl ether extract concentration 2 %, 4%, and 6% have ability to against termites, white rot and brown rot fungi. The crude acetone and diethyl ether extract at concentration 2 %, 4%, and 6% have potential as natural wood preservatives. However, n-hexane extract of sowang have ability to against termites at contraction 6%.</span></p>
Tungro disease is one of the important diseases in rice plants because it can cause a large decrease in production. Therefore, tungro disease needs to be controlled in wise ways that ensure environmental sustainability. This can be done by using resistant varieties, while also preventing rice from resistance to the green leafhopper vector Nepothettix virescens, the death of natural enemies, resurgence and emergence of secondary pests which become the main pests. The territory of Indonesia has many very diverse rice germ plasm which its resistance properties can be used to control tungro disease. Resistance genes are an effective control machine especially when combined with other control strategies. One of the triggers for the resistance of rice varieties is eRTBV, which is a group of RTBV nucleotides in rice DNA. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of the eRTBV piece in the rice genome and its role in controlling tungro disease. The method used wasthe insilico method by comparing the eRTBV found in local rice varieties with that found in Genbank. The results indicated that endogenous RTBV was joined into the rice genome at 1200 bp using the primer eRTBV-7. Nucleotide blast results showed that the similarity of endogenous Indonesian local rice RTBV to endogenous RTBV in the genbank ranged between 95% and 99%, then protein blast results showed that the eRTBV fragment of local rice varieties contained ORF 3 RTBV protein with a range of similarity to the genbank of 66.9% and 93.35%. The role of eRTBV is to produce the Isoleucine protein motif which produces a physical, chemical and biochemical resistance system capable of inhibiting the green leafhopper virus vector (Nepothettix virescens) and the growth and development of tungro disease, RTBV.
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