A novel coronavirus which has appeared from China, has been circulating hastily around the world. We summarized the publications including oral manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases based on PubMed and Google Scholar data bases, and also present a case that highlights oral lesions 2 days prior to the first COVID‐19 general symptoms. Two authors independently reviewed the papers, 17 studies of more than 170 confirmed cases between ages of 9 and 90 were included. The most common oral manifestation was dry mouth followed by dysgeusia and pseudomembranous fungal structure. Change in tongue sensation and ulceration, muscle pain during mastication, swelling in oral cavity, and herpetic lesions were other common symptoms. Associated symptoms, latency time, treatment, and prognosis have also been meticulously reviewed. We hope that careful clinical intraoral examination on all COVID‐19 positive patients and equally on any patients who need dental care will pave the way for further studies.
Background: Periodontitis is bacterial induced inflammation of the tooth-supporting structures. Local antibacterial agents are used as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Periodontitis. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of subgingivally delivered propolis extract (a resin produced by the honey bees) with chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on clinical parameters and salivary levels of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in periodontitis patients. Methods: 28 periodontitis patients in stage II or III and grade B were divided in two groups. In control group, patients prescribed 0.2 % CHX mouthwash twice a day for two weeks. In the 20% propolis hydro-alcoholic group, subgingival irrigation was performed twice a week for two weeks. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after 2 months. Saliva samples were collected from propolis and control group at baseline and 2 months later to assess MMP-8 levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, Saliva from 12 periodontally healthy subjects was used to determine the normal levels of MMP-8. Data were analyzed using SPSS, P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: In the healthy group, the mean salivary levels of MMP-8 were significantly lower than that in control and propolis groups at baseline (P<0.001). The results indicated that there was a significant improvement in clinical parameters (p<0.001) in the propolis group compared to control group, while MMP-8 levels decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: Propolis is recommended as an adjunct therapy for periodontitis patients. Clinical trials registration code: IRCT2016122030475N3.
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