Diabetes is an important health problem through the world. In comprehensive diabetes care, therapists must understand not just the observable behavior but the underlying attitudes which drive that behavior. Health, then sickness, has many aspects, and one of the famous descriptions is guided by WHO. This study aimed to explore dimensions of attitudes in diabetic patients about their disease, attending two medical centers in Tehran (capital of Iran). We conducted the open semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 27 patients. We used new methods for collecting data, reliability, validity, analyzing and ethical approval. We identified eighteen themes in four aspects of attitude: physical, mental, social and spiritual. Based on health promotion idea, we can divide themes in two broad categories: progressive attitude toward the higher level of health care and inhibitors attitude for this. The result of this research can be used in evidence-based education and management programs in comprehensive care of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Objective: Atorvastatin is commonly used as a lipid lowering drug. The emerging interest in statins as anticancer agents is based on their pleiotropic effects on cancer cells. Among the statins, atorvastatin, and in cancers, breast malignancies have received less attention in preclinical investigations. In order to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment, adjuvant, less expensive therapeutic strategies have been recently noticed. In this case, we investigated the in-vitro effect of atorvastatin on viability and migration of MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Methods: We tested the cytotoxicity of atorvastatin on breast cancer cells survival by MTT assay. Annexin-V / PI staining and then flow cytometry of cancer cells in addition to quantitative real-time PCR tests quantified the apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells. We figured out the impact of atorvastatin on cancer cell migration capability through scratch-wound healing assay and transwell migration examination. Inverted light microscope and fluorescent imaging displayed the morphological changes following treatment of MCF7 cells with atorvastatin. Result: We resulted that atorvastatin can trigger MCF7 cancer cells to undergo necrosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis based on the viable/dead cell number, mitotic cell cycle, gene expression, and morphological assays. The results were dose- and time-dependent and the half- maximal inhibitory concentration of atorvastatin for cancer cells’ viability inhibition was 9.1 μM/L(nM/mL). Moreover, the migration of MCF7 cells were inhibited in the treated group as we figured out in two- and three-dimensional migration methods. Conclusion: In-vitro inspection of drug-cancer cell interactions paves the way for future in-vivo research studies. These in-vitro results revealed that atorvastatin has anti-viability and anti-migration effects on breast cancer cells.
Graphical abstract Recent studies have demonstrated inhibitory effects of mesenchymal stem cells on breast tumors. Likewise, the emerging interest in statins as anticancer agents is based on their pleiotropic effects. In the present study, we investigated whether atorvastatin and umbilical cord matrix derived mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium affect the MCF7 cancer cells viability and interactions. We measured the viability of MCF7 cancer cells by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time PCR. Two-dimensional culture and hanging drop aggregation assay illustrated the morphological changes. We traced the MCF7 migration via scratch-wound healing test and trans-well assay. The results showed the inhibition of cancer cell viability in all treated groups compared to the control group. The effect of atorvastatin and conditioned medium combination was significantly more than each substance separately. The morphological changes indicated apoptosis in treated cells. The annexin V/PI flow cytometry especially in the combination-treated group displayed decreasing in DNA synthesis and cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2/M phases. As well, the mRNA expressions of caspases 3, 8, 9, and Bcl-2 genes were along with extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Conditioned medium disrupted the connections between cancer cells, so the spheroids in three-dimensional configuration lost their order and dispersed. The migration of treated cells across the wound area and trans-well diminished, particularly by the conditioned medium and atorvastatin combination. There fore, the synergistic anti-proliferative and anti-motility effect of atorvastatin along with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned medium on MCF7 breast cancer cells have been proved. The results might lead the development of novel adjuvant anticancer therapeutics based on targeting or modifying the extracellular matrix to increase chemotherapy results or to prevent metastatic colonization. Schematic representation of “Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Matrix Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium and Atorvastatin on MCF7 Cancer Cells Viablity and Migration” by: Dr. Reyhaneh Abolghasemi, Dr. Somayeh Ebrahimi-barough, Proffesor. Jafar Ai.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.