This study aims at tracing the effects of emergency remote education due to Covid-19 on foreign/second language teaching documented in research papers and reports. Employing document analysis, it identifies the research contexts and key findings reported in the studies published between 1 January and 28 October 2020. The findings indicate that a significant number of publications consist of reports presented by practitioners, i.e. schools, governmental authorities and educational foundations, and that the tertiary level is the most frequently covered context in the papers. The analysed publications report slightly more Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT)-driven affordances for teachers than constraints and suggest that both teachers and students are able to turn challenges of ERT into affordances when they receive sufficient support from governmental authorities, schools or peers and benefit from already acquired digital skills and technical infrastructure available. The findings also indicate a gap of research based on classroom data, which would more effectively contribute to an understanding of the challenges and affordances of ERT in language teaching.
The present study aimed to investigate perceptions of EFL teachers working at state primary schools on core language skills, assessment types and question types used in assessing student’s foreign language development and proficiency during an academic year. Data were gathered from 56 EFL teachers working at 42 primary state schools in Turkey through a questionnaire comprising a variety of items to elicit their perceptions and applications of language assessment in the classes of 4th to 6th graders. Results obtained from frequency analyses indicated that the pen-and-paper tests, performance tasks, and in-class observation are the mostly used assessment tools, and that the selected response items are mostly employed question types in the tests, and that performance-based and communication-based assessment types are preferred more frequently than the traditional types in evaluating students’ success in learning EFL.
Since language and culture are closely interwoven, the integration of culture into textbooks used for teaching English as a second/foreign language has become a widely accepted phenomenon. This study investigates the cultural elements in locally published English textbooks used for Turkish primary schools following two major curriculum innovations in ELT. A total of 18 textbooks, of which 8 were published after the 1997 curriculum innovation and 10 after the curriculum innovation introduced in 2005, were investigated to find out the extent to which textbooks contain references to the source (Turkish) culture, the target (British/American) culture and the international target culture. A quantitative analysis of the cultural elements demonstrated that while references to the source and target cultures included in textbooks published between 1997 and 2005 outnumber international target cultural components, a different trend was obtained in the cultural analysis of bookspublished after the 2005 curriculum innovation. The study reveals that representations of the source culture, the target culture and the international target culture are favoured in locallyproduced ELT textbooks in a fairly balanced way.
There has been much discussion on the involvement of Universal Grammar (UG) in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) process. Despite growing research in the field, few precise answers to the problem have been suggested so far. Hence, recent L2 studies within the generative framework have shifted from investigating this issue to determining whether or not interlanguage grammars exhibit natural language characteristics (Can, Kilimci & Altunkol, 2007). The present study aimed to investigate L2 acquisition of syntactic movement in English noun clauses by Turkish adult learners. Accordingly, L1 involvement in SLA was sought through examining the upper intermediate Turkish learners' knowledge about the movement in question. The study addressed the questions of whether or not Turkish adult ESL learners have problems, stemming from L1 interference, with the construction of the syntactic movement in English noun clauses, and whether or not there is any order of acquisition between the noun clauses in subject position and object position along with various wh-words. The study reported related findings, and concluded with a few pedagogical implications for practice, and a couple of suggestions for further directions.
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