Preliminary investigations into the energy efficiency of manufacturing firms operating in South Africa have shown that no previous study of the barriers to energy efficiency has been conducted. This paper sets out to investigate whether there is an energy efficiency gap in medium to large manufacturing firms operating in the eThekwini municipal area. It goes on further to analyse the barriers to energy efficiency in such firms. These barriers are analysed by firm characteristics and across manufacturing sectors. The findings of this research indicate that more can be done to improve the energy efficiency profile within South African manufacturing subsectors. Policy-makers should take these findings into consideration when drafting new policy on energy efficiency.
OPSOMMINGVoorlopige ondersoeke oor energiedoeltreffendheid in vervaardigingsaktiwiteite van maatskappye in Suid-Afrika toon dat daar geen vorige studies bestaan wat fokus op die struikelblokke van toepassing op bestaande energiedoeltreffendheid nie. Hierdie artikel ondersoek 'n energiedoeltreffendheidsgaping wat bestaan binne medium tot groot vervaardigingsmaatskappye binne die eThekwini munisipale gebied. Die ondersoek identifiseer en analiseer gepaardgaande beperkinge wat bestuurders binne sulke maatskappye verhinder om energie doeltreffendheid te implementeer. Die ondersoek en analise strek oor 'n aantal vervaardigingsektore. Die bevindinge van hierdie navorsing dui daarop dat heelwat meer bereik kan word in terme van energiedoeltreffendheid binne die verskeie vervaardigingsubsektore in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie gevolgtrekkings behoort in ag geneem te word deur beleidmakers tydens die opstel van 'n nuwe beleid oor energiedoeltreffendheid.
This study includes a series of 5 cases demonstrating cardiovascular manifestations of findings of IgG4-related disease. Two cases demonstrate peri-aortic soft tissue thickening in the infrarenal abdominal aorta and bilateral ostio--proximal common iliac artery. In 2 cases there were circumferential soft tissue lesions around the arch of the aorta. One of the cases showed coexistent, biopsy-proven Riedel’s thyroiditis and infiltrative soft tissue along the right atrial wall and interatrial septum. In one case there was a partly calcified mass in the left hemi-thorax consistent with a diagnosis of IgG4-related fibrosing mediastinitis.
We hereby present a case of intrapulmonary invagination of the left internal mammary artery detected on CT angiography. We aim to highlight the role of CT angiography in identifying these course anomalies and their clinical implications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.