Background Low birth weight has been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, but the risk at high birth weight levels remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to clarify the shape of associations between birth weight and aforementioned diseases in adults and assessed sex‐specific risks. Methods and Results We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE , and Web of Science for studies published between 1980 and October 2016. Studies of birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM ), cardiovascular disease ( CVD ), and hypertension were included. Random‐effects models were used to derive the summary relative risks and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.We identified 49 studies with 4 053 367 participants assessing the association between birth weight and T2 DM , 33 studies with 5 949 477 participants for CVD , and 53 studies with 4 335 149 participants for hypertension and high blood pressure. Sex‐specific binary analyses showed that only females had an increased risk of T2 DM and CVD at the upper tail of the birth weight distribution. While categorical analyses of 6 birth weight groups and dose‐response analyses showed J‐shaped associations of birth weight with T2 DM and CVD , the association was inverse with hypertension. The lowest risks for T2 DM , CVD , and hypertension were observed at 3.5 to 4.0, 4.0 to 4.5, and 4.0 to 4.5 kg, respectively. Conclusions These findings indicate that birth weight is associated with risk of T2 DM and CVD in a J‐shaped manner and that this is more pronounced among females.

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Recently, new criteria for sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) were developed, including the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the new SIC criteria in patients diagnosed with sepsis 3.0. Data from patients diagnosed with sepsis 3.0 after ICU admission were retrospectively obtained from July 2013 to June 2014. Relevant demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were noted. This study included 252 patients. The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), modified ISTH-DIC, and SIC scores were higher among nonsurvivors (P < 0.0001). The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (P < 0.001), ISTH (P = 0.001), modified ISTH (P = 0.001), and SIC scores (P = 0.007) were independent predictors of ICU mortality. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, SOFA had the greatest power for predicting ICU mortality; ISTH or modified ISTH score had greater predictive power than the SIC score. There were strong correlations between SIC score and ISTH (P < 0.0001), modified ISTH (P < 0.0001), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (P = 0.012), and SOFA (P < 0.0001) scores. More nonsurvivors were diagnosed with DIC using the ISTH and modified ISTH criteria (P < 0.001). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with SIC between both groups (P = 0.055). ISTH score, modified ISTH score, and SIC score were independent risk factors for ICU mortality. Compared with the ISTH and modified ISTH scores, SIC score showed no advantage in diagnosing sepsis-associated coagulopathy or DIC. The application of these three criteria in patients with sepsis 3.0 needs further evaluation.