TikTok has been one of the most important social media platforms where pandemic-related information converged and has been disseminated. However, how vaccination-related visual content, particularly pro-vaccine videos, influences audiences remains unclear. Using Betsch et al.’s 5C model and Ekman’s basic emotion model, we identified 200 trending videos under the hashtag #vaccine on TikTok, and examined the types of vaccine-related beliefs and emotions expressed in videos and the relationship between beliefs, emotions, and supportive comments. Confidence and joy were the most frequently expressed belief and emotion, respectively; confidence (B = 14.84, P < 0.05), surprise (B = 11.29, P < 0.05), and sadness (B = 37.49, P < 0.01) predicted the number of supportive comments. This study expands the 5C framework of vaccine hesitancy into the analysis of pro-vaccine content on social media and offers detailed insights into the specific type of beliefs and emotions and their effects. Practical implications regarding how to address vaccine hesitancy are discussed.
The COVID-19 crisis has led to a global resurgence of nationalism, which can be observed from major political events like presidential elections to everyday culture such as video games. In a recent online debate over sexualized female characters, Chinese male gamers excessively incorporated nationalist discourses to justify their anti-feminist arguments. Their discursive campaign provides an opportunity to explore the rising nationalist sentiment in the post-pandemic era and the linkage between nationalism and sexism as well. This study analyzed male players’ online posts and generalized their discursive strategies – the true gamer identity, anti-political correctness rhetoric, and the gender antagonism accusation – to incorporate nationalist discourse to make their anti-feminist arguments more persuasive and subtle. The study also explains how this anti-feminism fits in with frames of gender-equal sexism, and how the findings can help understand information interpretation tactics employed by misogynists.
Shinzo Abe, Japan’s former and longest-serving prime minister was assassinated on 8 July 2022. As the world expressed sorrow of the human tragedy, nationalists in China were celebrating the disappearance of a hardline Chinese hawk with great enthusiasm. When a Chinese journalist sobbed for Abe’s death during a live report of the assassination, the surging anti-Japan sentiment exploded and soon developed into a hashtag-based nationalist protest attacking Abe and the journalist. Drawing from cyber nationalism and hashtag activism literature, the author coined a concept ‘hashtag nationalism’ to analyze this protest, the interactions between state-led nationalism and popular nationalism, and the role of digital media in the public-state relation. This article also generalized three affordances of hashtag – interconnectivity, intertextuality, and interdiscursivity – to approach the role of social media in digital activism from a relational perspective. Finally, the analysis revealed the discursive and networked nature of hashtag nationalism.
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