INTRODUCTIONMaternal anaemia is common medical disorder in developing countries. Anaemia is defined as reduction in circulating haemoglobin mass below the critical value. WHO defines anaemia as haemoglobin concentration of ≤11 g/dl. Centre for Disease Control (CDC) defines anaemia as haemoglobin ≤11 mg/dl in first and third trimester and <10 gm/dl in second trimester. However, in developing countries like India, the lower limit is accepted as <10 g/dl, because of prevailing socio economic deprivation. ABSTRACTBackground: Maternal anaemia is common medical disorder in developing countries. WHO defines anaemia as haemoglobin concentration of ≤11 g/dl. However, in developing countries like India, the lower limit is accepted as <10 g/dl, because of prevailing socio economic deprivation. Anaemia in pregnancy results in complications such as post-partum haemorrhage, infection, abruption placenta, preeclampsia, increased maternal mortality and morbidity. Also, it has reported to increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between haemoglobin levels in third trimester in pregnant women and adverse perinatal outcome. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, ESIPGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore. 218 women were enrolled in the study. All pregnant women with term gestation, singleton pregnancy, with live fetus willing to participate in the study were included. Exclusion criteria included antepartum haemorrhage, anaemia due to acute blood loss, multiple gestation, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, stillbirths and IUDS. Haemoglobin estimation was done by cyanmethaemoglobin method. Paticipants in the study were divided into 2 groups; those with Hb<10 g/dl and those with Hb>10 g/dl.Results: Of 218 women, 69 had anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was 31.65%; of which 84% had mild anaemia, 14.6% had moderate and only 1.4% had severe anaemia. Mean Hb levels were 12.04% among non-anaemic mothers and mean birth weight was 2.89 Kg whereas 9.14%, 2.18 kg in anaemic mothers respectively. In our study, 21% in anaemic group has birth weight <2.5 kg and only 0.06% in non-anaemic mothers (p<0.0012) 3.6 times higher. The risk of IUGR was 3.77 times higher, low APGAR score at 1 min was 3.8 times higher (p<0.0001), meconium stained liquor was 2.3 times higher and NICU admissions 2.96 times higher in anaemic mothers than non-anaemic mothers. Conclusions: Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the causes of poor perinatal outcome. Maternal anaemia is associated with the high risk of low birth weight, IUGR babies, low APGAR scores and NICU admissions and overall increase in perinatal morbidity. Hence proper antenatal care and counseling can reduce occurrence of anaemia in pregnancy.
Objective: The study was conducted to see the maternal and neonatal outcomes of the women with placenta praevia. Methods: All women with the diagnosis of placenta praevia admitted in the hospital were included in the study. The maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded from January 2012 to August 2017, over a period of 5 years. Results: A total of 63 patients were included in the study, after radiological confirmation. The period of gestation for the first presentation was predominantly in 28 weeks of gestation, for central placenta praevia. The mean blood loss intraoperative was 3000 ml, ranging to as much as 5500 ml in central placenta praevia and more so in posterior than anterior placenta. The need of additional procedure like uterine artery ligation was needed in 26 (41.2%), internal iliac artery ligation 8 (12.6%), B lynch in 12 (19.04%) and peripartum hysterectomy was performed in 3 (4.7%). The mean requirement of blood transfusion was 500ml of packed cell. The need of ICU care was in 5 (7.9%) and serious morbidity was seen in 3 (4.7%). Maternal mortality was not seen in any case. Fetal outcomes were studied by recording the fetal weight, Apgar and need of NICU care which was for 23 (36.5%). Conclusion: The need for early diagnosis and multispecialty approach to a patient is greatly associated with reducing the blood loss, lesser need of additional procedure and lower maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.Keywords: Placenta praevia, accreta, antepartum hemorrhage, maternal complication.Placenta praevia means the placenta located in the lower uterine segment which is less than 2.5 cms from the cervical os 1 . This condition is complicating about 0.3 to 0.8% of all pregnancy 2-5 . The risk factors for developing placenta praevia are previously scarred uterus, grand multiparty, maternal age of more than 35 years, recurrent abortion and intrauterine curettage 6-9 .Maternal morbidity in the form of abnormal placentation, increased risk of section and additional procedure, need for blood transfusion and ICU care and fetal morbidity in the form of preterm, low birth weight, low Apgar and need for NICU care makes it a must for care in a higher center and with available advanced resources [10][11][12][13] . The most frequent management in the form of section which is on the rise in today's era more so increases the risk of placenta praevia in the next RESEARCH ARTICLE
Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of the hypertensive disorder with some epidemiological factors. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center, which included 286 hypertensive cases over a period of 1 year from January 2016 to December 2016. Data were gathered from medical record files. Results: Out of 3250 women delivered in the hospital 286 had hypertension, so the prevalence was 8.8%. Out of 286 hypertensive pregnant women 80.06% were diagnosed as gestational hypertension, 14.68% as preeclampsia, 2.09% as eclampsia and 2.79 % as chronic hypertension. Maximum number of women was nulliparous (46.85%) and 21-25 years was the dominant age group (46.15%). It is more prevalent at term (49.65%). Eighty-two (27.97%) mothers had a vaginal delivery, and 204 (71.32%) had a cesarean delivery. Preterm delivery was the most prevalent morbid outcomes (28.67%). Seventy-six (26.57%) of the babies were categorized as low birth weight and 14.68% were diagnosed as intrauterine growth restriction. Conclusion: Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the common medical complications worsening the outcome of pregnancy.
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