Background: The biceps brachii is one of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm. It is characteristically described as a two-headed muscle that originates proximally by a long head and a short head. The present study was carried out to find the occurrence of a third head of biceps brachii among a sample Indian population. Materials and Methods: The arms of 35 adult cadavers were dissected and observed for variations in the origin and insertion of biceps brachii muscle bilaterally. Results: Among the 70 arms studied, three had 3-headed biceps brachii, 2 on the left and 1 on the right side. All the third heads were of humeral origin, which inserted into the radial tuberosity by a common tendon with the long and short heads. Conclusion: Knowledge of the existence of the third head of biceps brachii may enhance pre-operative evaluation, facilitate surgical intervention within the arm and improve postoperative outcomes.

INTRODUCTION:The scapula is a triangular, flattened bone. It extends from the second to the seventh rib in the posterolateral aspect of thorax. Its superior border extends between superior and lateral angles. The suprascapular notch is located in this border near the root of coracoid process. This notch is converted into a foramen called suprascapular foramen by transverse scapular ligament (suprascapular ligament). This ligament is a flat fasciculus which narrows its attachments to the base of the coracoid process and medial side of the suprascapular( scapular) notch . This ligament is sometimes ossified 1 . The suprascapular nerve passes through the foramen and the suprascapular vessels cross above the ligament. The anatomical knowledge of this foramen is of extreme importance for clinicians as it can be a risk factor during surgical explorations involving a suprascapular nerve decompression. 2

Introduction: The supratrochlear foramen of humerus is a small hole located above the trochlea of humerus. The supratrochlear foramen was first described by Meckel in 1825. The knowledge of the presence of supratrochlear foramen in the humerus is important for preoperative planning and management of supracondylar fractures and the interpretation of the abnormalities in the radiographs. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. 60 dry humerus were studied. The parameters of the humerus. Supratrochlear foramen were measured with digital vernier caliper The supratrochlear foramen observed were photographed. Result and conclusion: The supratrochlear foramen was observed in 5 humerus. The supratrochlear foramen so observed were all on the left side. The incidence of supratrochlear foramen according to our present study is 8.33%. Two of the supratrochlear foramen observed were circular in shape . Another two were oval in shape .The fifth one was a slit. The present study may help the researchers in comparing the incidences of supratrochlear foramen of humerus. KEY WORDS: Humerus, Supratrochlear foramen of humerus.

OBJECTIVETo study the repair of adult inguinal hernia with continuous sutures of external oblique aponeurosis with respect to its acceptability, effectiveness, outcome and the satisfaction of patients. METHODOLOGYThe observational study was conducted from August 2008 to September 2010 in Surgery Unit IIA of the Department of General Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Hospital, Imphal. Adult patients with inguinal hernia (18-75 years) were admitted and treated with continuous sutures of external oblique aponeurosis as originally described by Desarda in 2001. RESULTSThere were 54 patients -51 males (94.44%) and 3 females (5.6%). Age of the patient's ranges from 18-75 years (Mean age of 53.9 years). Out of the 54 patients, 32 patients (59.3%) were having indirect inguinal hernia, 19 patients (35.2%) with direct inguinal hernia and 3 patients (5.6%) had combined direct and indirect inguinal hernias. Right sided hernia was seen in 37 patients (68.5%) and left sided hernia in 17 patients (31.5%); 47 patients (87.03%) were operated under Spinal Anaesthesia (SA) and 7 patients (12.96%) under epidural anaesthesia. Adhesions were found in 5 cases (9.26%), four patients (7.41%) had transient wound oedema, 3 patients (5.6%) had pus collection followed by drainage, 3 (5.6%) patients had wound haematoma, which subsided by itself and 2 (3.70%) had seroma formation which required regular dressing. During the follow-up period, no hernia recurrence was encountered. Majority of the patients had mild-to-moderate post-operative pain, which was easily managed with analgesics. The hospital stay was short, thus allowing the patients a quicker return to activity. Majority of the patients (40, i.e. 74.07%) were discharged on the 3rd post-operative day. Majority of the patients were satisfied with the operation. CONCLUSIONRepair of adult inguinal hernia with continuous sutures of external oblique aponeurosis is safe and effective in terms of postoperative pain, return to work, recurrence, cost effectiveness and can be the preferred choice for open repair of adult ingui nal hernias.