Abstract. This paper examines that the demand for narcotic drugs based on Becker (1968) is one kind of rational behavior of human beings. The results from sampling surveys in eight provinces representing nationwide drug user/addicted in Thailand in 2014 shows that demand for narcotics (amphetamine, ice drug and marijuana) are price inelastic between -0.533 and -0.701, as well as normal goods. The coefficients in models A and B are 0.192 and 0.0467, respectively, so that an increase in income will raise demand for narcotics. In addition, factors affecting demand for narcotics are the age of user, age squared, friendship, family member relationship, social relationship, reason to drug use, risk behavior, and expected punishment. Some policy implications are proposed based on the demand side.
The paper examines the demand for narcotic drugs, based on Becker (1968), as purported rational behavior of human beings. The results from sampling surveys in eight provinces in Thailand in 2014, representing nationwide drug users/addicts, show that the demand for narcotics (amphetamines, ice drug, and marijuana) are price inelastic (between -0.533 and -0.701), as well as normal goods. The key econometric coefficients in models A and B are 0.192 and 0.0467, respectively, and an increase in income will lead to an increase in the demand for narcotics. In addition, factors affecting the demand for narcotics are the age and age squared of the user, friendship, family member relationship, social relationship, reasons for drug use, risk behavior, and expected punishment. Public policy implications are also proposed and analysed.
Sustainable energy is a global issue with significant sustainable development implications. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has specific goal to the energy sector so-called SDG 7. The SDG 7 focuses on accessing to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy services. It has three main targets and involves international cooperative actions. This paper examines the trends and analyzes the profiles of the SDG 7 in Thailand. It estimates SDG 7 indicators in the future under different energy scenarios. This paper contributes to energy studies by analyzing recent trends in SDG 7 and pathways to achieving the goal. The paper presents energy policies and measures related to SDG 7 in Thailand and other South-East Asian nations. It is found that under the three targets of SDG 7, namely energy access, renewable energy, and energy efficiency, Thailand has performed better than the global average. The paper calculates the indicators using findings from existing modeling studies to analyze the pathways for achieving SDG 7. The findings highlight an opportunity for Thailand to achieve SDG 7 by 2030.
The reputations of primary and secondary tourist destinations are hierarchically created through its value to the nation. Prioritizing a conservation project and tourism development can have major differences. Values attached to a destination by inhabitants are different from those of tourists, and are often influenced by the promotional campaigns designed by authorized agencies. A primary destination is then worthy of promotion and conservation as it serves a nation's purposes economically, socially and politically, while a destination that is not corresponding in such ways is usually disregarded. Koh Kret is an established primary tourism destination for domestic visitors, though not for international visitors. However, the Baan Lao Community can be developed as a secondary tourism destination for visitors to Koh Kret. Koh Kret and Baan Lao Community in Thailand are illustrations of significance and value. By understanding the Baan Lao community's significance, value and values, it is an opportunity to develop the area as a secondary tourist destination, and help preserve the way of life of local inhabitants along the
Abstract. The reputations of primary and secondary tourist destinations are hierarchically created through its value to the nation. Prioritizing a conservation project and tourism development can have major differences. Values attached to a destination by inhabitants are different from those of tourists, and are often influenced by the promotional campaigns designed by authorized agencies. A primary destination is then worthy of promotion and conservation as it serves a nation's purposes economically, socially and politically, while a destination that is not corresponding in such ways is normally disregarded. Kret Island and Baan Lao Community are illustrations of significance and value. By understanding the Baan Lao community's significance, value and values, it is an opportunity to develop the area to be a secondary tourist destination and help preserve the way of life of local inhabitants along the Chao Phraya River in Northern Bangkok, Thailand.
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