One of the zeolite producing areas in Indonesia is Sukabumi. Natural zeolite originating from Sukabumi is composed of three main types of minerals: mordenite, clinoptilolite, and quartz. Zeolite as a catalyst can be improved by carrying out physical and chemical activation processes. Physically the catalyst can be activated by reducing the size of the zeolite through the grinding and sieving method. This physical activation process can increase the surface area of the zeolite. In this study, variations in the size of zeolite 80 mesh and 100 mesh were carried out that chemically activated by the acid activation method through immersion of natural zeolite with HCl and HF from this acid activation process it will increase the acidity of the zeolite. Measurement of functional groups and chemical compounds in activated zeolite using XRF and FTIR. The results of XRF analysis showed that the SiO2 content in 80 mesh zeolite was 69.5% and in 100 mesh zeolite was 82.1% and the FTIR analysis showed the presence of the C-H alkene functional group at a wavelength of 675-995 cm-1, ring C-H aromatic at a wavelength of 690-900 cm-1, C-O alcohol/ether/carboxylic acid/ester at wavelength 1610-1680 cm-1, functional group C=C alkene 1610-1680 cm-1, the O-H functional group is carboxylic acid at a wavelength of 3500-3650 cm-1 and an alcohol monomer/phenol O-H functional group at a wavelength of 3590-3650 cm-1.
The growing human population results in an increase in energy needs and consumption. Energy is one of the basic needs of human life. An example of this case is the increase in the need for fuel. Biomass is an alternative energy source that is processed from solid waste and used as a fuel source. In this study, researchers used coconut dregs charcoal and tapioca flour as materials and went through several processes. The first was the drying process of raw materials (coconut dregs). The second was the carbonization process of coconut dregs which took about 1 hour until the dregs turned into black like charcoal. The third was the process of grinding and filtering. The fourth was the process of mixing adhesive materials and molding briquettes. The fifth was the drying process using an oven with a temperature of 100°C. The sixth was the drying process and determining the quality of briquettes based on moisture content, ash content, and density. The percentage composition between coconut dregs charcoal and tapioca flour as adhesives was set into several formulas starting from formula 1 to formula 6. In the measurement of moisture content with the ASTM D-3173-03 standard, the researchers obtained the lowest moisture content value of 4.459 and a highest moisture content value of 13.216. Meanwhile, in the measurement of ash content with the ASTM D-3174-04 standard, the researchers obtained the lowest value of 4.459 and the highest value of 10.113. Furthermore, in the measurement of the density, the researchers obtained the lowest value of 0.521237 and the highest value of 0.970579.
<p>Teknik mengolah limbah cair tahu agar menjadi energi alternatif biogas yang ramah lingkungan dan memberikan efek ekonomi yang baik bagi pabrik tahu dan masyarakat di sekitar pabrik tahu. Cairan limbah tahu merupakan komponen yang berbahaya jika dibuang secara sembarangan ke lingkungan karena dapat menimbulkan bau busuk, penyakit dan mencemari air, juga pemicu gas rumah kaca, agar limbah tahu tersebut tidak mencemari lingkungan dan lebih bermanfaat maka limbah tersebut perlu diolah menjadi energi alternatif salah contohnya adalah biogas. Dengan mengkonversi limbah cair pabrik tahu menjadi biogas, pemilik pabrik tahu tidak hanya berkontribusi dalam menjaga lingkungan tetapi juga meningkatkan pendapatannya dengan mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar pada proses pembuatan tahu. Melalui kegiatan pengolahan limbah cair tahu sebagai energi alternatif biogas di pabrik tahu usaha maju pangan suplai kelurahan palmerah jakarta barat diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan bagi pengurus, karyawan dan masyarakat di sekitar pabrik tahu mengenai bahaya penggunaan limbah cair tahu bagi kesehatan serta bahaya pembuangannya bagi lingkungan.</p>
Lost circulation is a major problem that was often found in the well drilling process. This resulted in rock formations to become unstable, cause damage to wells, equipment, and workers. So to overcome this problem, drilling fluid will usually include lost circulation materials that act as connecting agents throughout the openings in rock formations, which physically close the formation of the opening by entering into the hole and prevent more fluid from coming out. The method used is laboratory research to test the rheology properties of sludge that has been treated with the addition of styrofoam (1 to 5 grams) under conditions of temperatures of 83 °F to 243 °F with intervals of temperature increase of 40 °F and testing using the Fann VG Meter. The measurement results are then compared with the standard. This test was carried out to see the effect of mass and temperature on the physical and rheological properties of drilling mud. The result of this research shows plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength of mud increases with increasing concentrations of styrofoam, and decreased when the temperature was increased. The combination of mud that best fits with the standard was addition with 1 gram of styrofoam.
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