Distillation is the most common method for separating components in chemical unit operation. This paper presents the mini batch distillation column modeling to facilitate a closed loop control design in the later stage. This mini plant is part of the development of a cyber physical system and will be a physical system controlled by DCS (Distributed Control System) with data transmission over the network in real time. In this study, ITB Honeywell mini plant for laboratory scale is used for separating binary mixtures, ethanol and water. An on-off condenser valve is chosen as an actuator to regulate the end product concentration.The plant is modeled by 2 approaches, i.e. White-box modeling approach by first principle, which produces nonlinear equations model of batch distillation column based on component mass balance, vapor-liquid equilibrium and others physical characteristics. Meanwhile, the Blackbox approach uses input-output experimental data to produce a linear model of the plant. The modelling is for two different locations of the concentration sensor, i.e. at the inflow or outflow of the end-product tank. The nonlinear model is not yet appropriate for control design purpose. Unlike the nonlinear model, the linear models developed at two different control inputs show marginal to good fit to the experimental data at respective operating points. However, it seems better to use a piecewise linear modelling over process operating regions for concentration control design purposes of the batch distillation column. Further development of the nonlinear model shall be done by considering the influence of temperature variability in the model.
Teknologi robot yang semakin berkembang pesat telah banyak membantu manusia dalam mempermudah menyelesaikan salah satu kegiatan yaitu memotong rumput. Robot lawn mower dirancang untuk memotong rumput, menghindari rintangan dan bergerak di sepanjang lintasan yang direncanakan. Sehingga kemampuan untuk mengenali lingkungan, perencanaan lintasan dan pengambilan keputusan harus dimiliki. Robot lawn mower adalah jenis robot yang mampu melakukan pergerakan secara otomatis. Sistem navigasi dan penerapan kecerdasan artifisial merupakan hal utama agar robot dapat bergerak secara mandiri. Dalam hal ini, pengendali fuzzy logicditerapkan untuk menemukan titik koordinat yang telah ditanamkan dalam algoritma fuzzy logic yaitu maju, belok kanan, belok kiri dan putar balik. Sensor GPS Neo-6M digunakan untuk membaca titik koordinat dan sensor kompas HMC5883L digunakan untuk membaca arah dalam sistem navigasi robot yang kemudian diproses oleh pengendali dan menghasilkan keluaran berupa putaran roda yang digerakkan oleh motor.
Electrical energy is included in the most essential needs and cannot be separated from human activities. The electrical energy produced is still dominated by power plants by conventional energy sources so that the use of alternative energy is needed to prevent the limitation of energy sources. Alternative energy that is often used is a source of solar electricity that produces electricity by utilizing sunlight. In an effort to increase and utilize renewable energy sources, researchers seek to design and implement a smart grid system on alternative energy sources. The smart grid system allows users to monitor and control the energy used by analyzing the direct parameters to be assessed. Using this smart grid system can help overcome limitations in monitoring because it can be done remotely. This system uses the ACS712 sensor to detect the current at the DC load, and the PZEM004T sensor for the AC load. It communicates via an IoT-based internet network using ESP 32 with the percentage of errors obtained in the power dc load test resulting in an error rate of 0.012% and in the power AC load testing of 0.064%.
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