4This paper investigates the effectiveness of the effective area method (EAM) for assessing the 5 undrained load-carrying capacity of rectangular foundations under combined vertical (V), 6 horizontal (H) and moment loading (M) by comparing with finite-element method (FEM) 7 results. Predicted ultimate limit states under combined loading from the two methods are 8 compared and the equivalent rectangle derived from the EAM is compared with the contact 9 region obtained from the FEM. For one-way eccentricity, good agreement in the V-M capacity 10 is achieved with the two methods despite differences between the effective area and actual 11 contact area. However, V-M capacity for two-way eccentricity obtained from the EAM is 12 significantly smaller than that derived from the FEM, with the discrepancy becoming more 13 pronounced with increasing mobilisation of the vertical capacity. V-H-M failure envelopes 14 established by the EAM also fall significantly inside those determined using FEM. The 15 contributing factors for the discrepancies are explored systematically in the paper. 16 KEYWORDS 17 bearing capacity; footings/foundations; failure; rafts; clays 18Investigation of effectiveness of effective area method for assessing the undrained capacity of shallow rectangular foundations
This work presents a comprehensive coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical model to explore the frost heave mechanism of the concrete-lined canal under a freeze–thaw environment. Unlike previous models that regard concrete as a homogeneous material, this model considers concrete a porous medium and considers the effect of the concrete pore structure, as well as the water content, ice content, and ice-water phase transition, on the mechanical deformation of the canal. Firstly, based on the theories of unsaturated soil mechanics, thermodynamics, and poroelasticity, the thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling equations of the soil under the freeze–thaw condition are established. Then, based on the theories of thermodynamics, poroelasticity, and permeability mechanics of porous media, the thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling equations of the concrete under the freeze–thaw condition are established. Finally, the freeze–thaw simulation of a canal is carried out and compared with the referred indoor model test, in which the evolution behavior of temperature, frost depth, and frost heave deformation of the canal are studied. The results show that the freezing process of the soil foundation is a unidirectional process that develops from the surface to the bottom, and the thawing process of the soil foundation is a bidirectional process that thaws from the surface and bottom to the center. The frost heave deformation of the soil foundation at the 1/2~1/3 slope height area is the largest, which may easily lead to frost heave damage to the concrete lining in this area. The frost heave deformation of the canal obtained by the numerical simulation is consistent with the experimental results, which illustrates the validity of the established model for predicting the frost heave deformation of concrete-lined canals.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.