The demand for computing power has been increasing exponentially since the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT), and machine learning (ML), where novel computing primitives are required. Brain inspired neuromorphic computing systems, capable of combining analog computing and data storage at the device level, have drawn great attention recently. In addition, the basic electronic devices mimicking the biological synapse have achieved significant progress. Owing to their atomic thickness and reduced screening effect, the physical properties of 2D materials could be easily modulated by various stimuli, which is quite beneficial for synaptic applications. In this article, aiming at high‐performance and functional neuromorphic computing applications, a comprehensive review of synaptic devices based on 2D materials is provided, including the advantages of 2D materials and heterostructures, various robust multifunctional 2D synaptic devices, and associated neuromorphic applications. Challenges and strategies for the future development of 2D synaptic devices are also discussed. This review will provide an insight into the design and preparation of 2D synaptic devices and their applications in neuromorphic computing.
This work for the first time reports a freeze-casting route for fabricating an ultralight MXene aerogel (ρ < 10 mg cm−3) without using external supporters.
MXene is an emerging class of 2D materials exfoliated from ternary carbide and nitride ceramics. The exfoliation process, which is an acid etching approach, functionalizes the MXene surface with -OH, -O and -F groups. These functional groups offer significant opportunities for tuning the colloidal properties of the MXene nanoblocks; importantly, this tunability points the way towards a facile route for assembling these nanoblocks into 3D architectures that are in demand for many applications. This route, presented for the first time here, uses water/oil interfaces for assembling TiC-MXene in 3D architectures. It shows that cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can be used to tune the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of TiC-MXene via the interaction of positively charged -N(CH) and -O groups on the MXene surface. Crucially, it is found that this interaction can be controlled via the hydrogen ion concentration in the aqueous phase. Stable oil-in-water emulsions are the only product when the aqueous phase is neutral or basic. This understanding led us to fabricate a high internal phase Pickering emulsion with more than 70 vol% oil droplets and also a solid porous monolith based on this emulsion template.
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