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Competitividade empresarial pressupõe a capacidade da empresa de definir e implantar estratégias concorrenciais que lhe permitam a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento no longo prazo - em outras palavras, a sua perenidade. Dentre estas estratégias, a de inovação tecnológica associada com desenvolvimento da capacitação técnico-científica da organização e, portanto, dos indivíduos que atuam nos seus diversos processos, tem adquirido uma crescente importância no planejamento e nas ações empresariais. Neste contexto, as relações interpessoais constituem um fator crítico nos processos de inovação, os quais devem ser continuamente aperfeiçoados. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir na compreensão das dinâmicas associadas a estes processos a partir do estudo de caso desenvolvido com foco nos procedimentos e nos fluxos de informação, gerados pela Gerência de Capacidade de uma grande empresa de telecomunicação no Brasil. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida considerando as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. Por um lado, com base na pesquisa qualitativa foi possível estudar, a partir da perspectiva filosófica interpretativa, o fenômeno social relacionado com a difusão de conhecimentos entre membros de uma equipe responsável pelas ações e proposições técnicas na Gerência de Capacidade da empresa de telecom em questão. Por outro lado, a metodologia quantitativa permitiu a utilização de alguns modelos matemáticos de modo a mensurar propriedades (e.g. coesão, centralidade, prestígio e conectividade) das redes estudadas, assim como caracterizá-las topologicamente. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com base no modelo proposto pelos pesquisadores Nonaka e Takeuchi (1977) para analisar e descrever os processos de criação e de difusão do conhecimento na organização, associado com as técnicas de Análise de Rede Social (ARS). Os resultados sugerem que existem indícios das redes estudadas apresentarem a topologia livre de escala, o que torna os fluxos de informação e conhecimento resistentes a "ataques" aleatórios (e.g. saída espontânea de um membro da equipe), mas vulneráveis a "ataques" planejados (e.g. retirada de indivíduos bem conectados ou hubs).

Different approaches have been established for applications of social and complex networks involving biological systems, passing through collaborative systems in knowledge networks and organizational systems. In this latter application, we highlight the studies focused on the diffusion of information and knowledge in networks. However, most of the time, the propagation of information in these networks and the resulting process of creation and diffusion of knowledge, have been studied from static perspectives. Additionally, the very concept of diffusion inevitably implies the inclusion of the temporal dimension, due to that it is an essentially dynamic process. Although static analysis provides an important perspective in structural terms, the behavioral view that reflects the evolution of the relationships of the members of these networks over time is best described by temporal networks. Thus, it is possible to analyze both the information flow and the structural changes that occur over time, which influences the dynamics of the creation and diffusion of knowledge. This article describes the computational modeling used to elucidate the creation and diffusion of knowledge in temporal networks formed to execute software maintenance and construction projects, for the period between 2007 and 2013, in the SERVIÇO FEDERAL DE PROCESSAMENTO DE DADOS (FEDERAL DATA PROCESSING SERVICE-SERPRO)-a public organization that provides information and communication technology services. The methodological approach adopted for the study was based on techniques for analyzing social and complex networks and on the complementary extensions that address temporal modeling of these networks. We present an exploratory longitudinal study that enabled a dynamic and structural analysis of the knowledge networks formed by members of software maintenance and development project teams between 2007 and 2013. The study enabled identification of knowledge categories throughout this period,

Mathematics is of fundamental importance to any natural sciences program (be-cause it provides analytical and approximate results that can be simulated and modeled) and perhaps to other areas of human knowledge. Ordinary differential equations are especially of fundamental importance to engineering programs be-cause the modeling of all phenomena of interest for these programs involves Or-dinary differential equations solutions; at the same time, students experience diffi-culties when learning Ordinary differential equations and about their applications to real physical scenarios. In this study, the problem-based learning method was used to study a group of mechanical engineering students at the SENAI CIMATEC University Center. The study analyzes the effectiveness of Ordinary differential equations instruction given through this program using the specified methodology. To consolidate the study, Conceptual Field Theory is used together with an evaluation of the results to observe student behaviors and attitudes in re-lation to actions arising from the method. At the end of the study, a questionnaire was completed by the students, with which they evaluated the effectiveness of the teaching methodology employed.

In this study, GMAW and CMT welding technologies were evaluated in terms of their technological lifecycles based on their patent datasets together with the S-curve concept, and the joints were evaluated in terms of their welding characteristics. To predict the future trends for both technologies, different models based on the time-series and growth-curve methods were tested. From a process point of view, the results showed better performance and stability for the CMT process based on the heat input to the base material and the frequency of the short circuits. The temperature distribution in the sample revealed that the GMAW process delivers higher values and, consequently, greater heat transfer. Regarding the technological lifecycle, the analyses revealed that the CMT welding process, despite being recent, is already in its mature phase. Moreover, the GMAW welding process is positioned in the growth phase on the S-curve, indicating a possibility of advancement. The main findings indicated that through mathematical modelling, it is possible to predict, in a precise way, the inflection points and the maturity phases of each technology and chart their trends with expert opinions. The new perspectives for analysing maturity levels and welding characteristics presented herein will be essential for a broaden decision-making market process.

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In the current world scenario, which is experiencing the arrival of new technologies, Industry 4.0, increased mobility and a pandemic environment, the achievement of sustainability demands proactive solutions. One of these actions includes the design of sustainable products. Several authors have studied the scientific discipline of Life Cycle Engineering (LCE), which encompasses environmental, social and economic dimensions. However, current LCE models have gaps, such as the need to incorporate a more holistic view, uncertainty and integrated analysis. In this context, the aim of this paper is to present a model to evaluate the technology sustainability (TS) dimension. The methodology of the present work involves a literature review, the development of a model with qualitative and quantitative data, and application in a case study. A structure was developed to include market, technical, and technology-scaling perspectives. The computational model uses hybrid Bayesian networks, based on probabilistic theory, and incorporates uncertainty using sustainability indicators. The model includes quantitative and qualitative variables derived from experts’ opinions. The results of applying the model to a real research project on manhole covers indicate that this analytical tool can support decision-making, allowing a new dimension to be incorporated into LCE analysis. Finally, the model allows LCE analysis to be applied in a variety of circumstances, such as strategy development or the selection of more sustainable products, as well as the evaluation of competing products.

Resumo: Para manter vantagem competitiva, as empresas têm que inovar. Assim, alta qualidade, baixo custo e diversidade de produtos passaram a ser condição de partida para a competitividade. Em consequência, velocidade e flexibilidade em projetos de novos produtos são cruciais, pois estes fatores estão relacionados à capacidade de as empresas responderem adequadamente às pressões por inovações. Como se sabe, a inovação normalmente está relacionada à introdução de algo novo em um determinado processo de trabalho, do qual se geram novos produtos ou serviços. Para tanto, a capacidade de as pessoas compartilharem informações passa a ser vista como fator fundamental, contribuindo substancialmente para a realização das inovações de processos e produtos. Considerando estes aspectos, o presente trabalho busca acompanhar os processos de desenvolvimento de produtos de uma empresa automobilística, com vistas a mapear os fluxos de informação e conhecimento que se estabelecem nestes processos. A principal contribuição deste estudo ocorre na análise crítica da rede social estabelecida em determinado momento do desenvolvimento de um projeto. Essa análise oferece uma estimativa do nível de difusão de informação e conhecimento entre os membros da equipe, bem como faz a comparação entre a rede social mapeada empiricamente e a rede formal definida, a priori, nos procedimentos escritos da empresa.Palavras Chave Desenvolvimento automobilístico, Desenvolvimento de Produto, Inovação, Modelo SECI, Redes Sociais. Abstract:To maintain competitive advantage, companies must innovate. Thus, high quality, low cost and diversity of products became the starting condition for competitiveness. As a result, speed and flexibility in the design of new products are crucial, as these factors are related to the ability of companies to respond adequately to the pressures from the market. Innovation is usually related to the introduction of something new in a particular work process, which lead to new products or services. The ability for people to share information is then to be seen as a factor of strengthening of the work processes in order to contribute substantially to the company's competitive advantage in this new context. Considering these aspects, this paper seeks to map the processes of product development for an automobile company, analyzing and mapping the flow of information. The main contribution of this study is the critical analysis of social network established in a time of development of a project. This analysis provides an estimate of the level of diffusion of information and knowledge among team members, as well as the comparison between social networking and formal network mapped empirically defined a priori in the company's written procedures.