OBJECTIVE -Insulin resistance and impaired -cell function are key elements in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to develop valid algorithms for estimation of the insulin sensitivity index (S I ) and acute insulin response (AIR) derived from simple and cheap physiological measurements that could be used in large-scale metabolic, genetic, and epidemiological studies.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -For our purpose, data from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (18 samples during 240 min) and a tolbutamide-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) (33 samples during 180 min) from 258 individuals with fasting plasma glucose Ͻ7 mmol/l and 2-h plasma glucose Ͻ7.8 mmol/l were used for model development and internal validation. Data from an additional 28 individuals were used for external validation. Bergman's minimal model was used to calculate S I , and the trapezoidal method was used to calculate AIR 0 -8 min . Multiple linear regression was applied to derive predictive equations of log(S I ) and log(AIR 0 -8 min ) using data on sex, BMI, plasma glucose, and serum insulin levels obtained during the OGTT.RESULTS -We demonstrate that it is possible to obtain estimates of S I (BIGTT-S I ) and AIR (BIGTT-AIR) that are highly correlated to IVGTT-derived values of S I (R 2 ϭ 0.77) and AIR (R 2 ϭ 0.54). In the two validation datasets we obtained similar results.CONCLUSIONS -Data from OGTTs can provide accurate measures of insulin sensitivity and -cell function, which can be used in large scale metabolic, genetic, and epidemiological studies.
Diabetes Care 30:257-262, 2007
A population-attributable risk of approximately 50% for the Pro12Pro genotype indicates that testing for the Pro12Ala of the PPARG gene in addition to the already identified clinical risk factors may become a useful tool to further reduce the risk of PPARgamma agonist-induced fluid retention and edema in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Introduction Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) has been used as adjunctive therapy in trauma patients with severe bleeding. However, its pharmacokinetics profile remains unknown.
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