Ketahanan air merupakan kemampuan masyarakat untuk menjaga keberlanjutan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan air untuk berbagai keperluan dan mengelola bencana terkait air. Nilai indikator ketahanan air pada negara-negara di Asia telah dirumuskan dan dihitung oleh Asian Development Bank (ADB), namun ketahanan air pada tingkat wilayah sungai, termasuk juga ketahanan air irigasi masih belum dikaji. Irigasi di Indonesia merupakan pengguna air terbesar, dan oleh karena itu ketahanan air irigasi berperan penting dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air. Makalah ini merumuskan, menghitung dan memetakan ketahanan air untuk irigasi pada seluruh wilayah sungai di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung ketahanan air irigasi diadopsi dari ADB, kemudian dikembangkan sesuai dengan kondisi ketersediaan data dan karakteristik wilayah sungai di Indonesia, dengan asumsi bahwa masing-masing wilayah sungai kondisinya homogen. Disimpulkan bahwa ketahanan air irigasi pada wilayah sungai di Indonesia pada umumnya berada dalam kondisi “sedang”. Kondisi “sangat buruk” hanya terjadi pada wilayah sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane dan Progo-Opak-Serang. Kondisi “buruk” meliputi wilayah sungai Bangka, Belitung, Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidurian, Ciliman-Cibungur, Bali-Penida, dan Lombok. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan air irigasi adalah dengan mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kinerja jaringan irigasi, meningkatkan keandalan pasok air dengan pembangunan waduk dan embung, serta mengurangi tekanan penggunaan air dengan penghematan air.
Informasi mengenai jumlah air yang tersedia sangat vital dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air. Sayangnya informasi kondisi data hidrologi, baik data debit sungai, maupun data hujan keberadaannya sangat terbatas secara temporal dan spasial. Dengan tersedianya teknologi satelit, maka curah hujan pada wilayah tropis dapat dipantau dan direkam untuk analisis lebih lanjut. Makalah ini membahas perhitungan ketersediaan air permukaan berdasarkan data hujan dari satelit TRMM, dan selanjutnya dioleh dengan model hujan-aliran terdistribusi Wflow untuk memberikan data limpasan bulanan runtut waktu dari tahun 2003 sampai dengan 2015 untuk seluruh wilayah sungai di Indonesia. Disimpulkan bahwa jumlah ketersediaan air permukaan rata-rata di Indonesia adalah sebesar 88,3 ribu m3/s atau setara dengan 2,78 triliun m3/tahun. Angka ini lebih rendah dari studi Puslitbang Sumber Daya Air tahun 2010 berdasarkan debit di pos duga air yang menghasilkan angka 3,9 triliun m3/tahun, serta sangat dekat dengan kajian Aquastat FAO yaitu 2,79 triliun m3/tahun. Manfaat utama dari perhitungan berbasis satelit ini adalah bahwa di lokasi manapun di Indonesia, dapat diperoleh potensi air permukaan dengan mengalikan luas daerah tangkapan air dan tinggi limpasannya.
West Jawa is a very important province in Indonesia. There are six river basins in West Jawa, namely: Ciliwung-Cisadane, Citarum, Cimanuk-Cisanggarung, Cisadea-Cibareno, Ciwulan-Cilaki, and Citanduy. The capital city of Jakarta is in the Ciliwung-Cisadane River basin, but the public water supply is supplied mostly from the Citarum River basin, which has three hydropower reservoirs and irrigates 240,000 hectares of rice field. Water security in West Jawa plays an important part in the sustainable development of the nation. This paper formulates and computes the water security for river basins in West Jawa. The method of constructing water security dimension is adapted from the Asian Water Development Outlook, having five dimensions of 1) household water security; 2) economic water security; 3) urban water security; 4) environmental water security; and 5) resilience to water-related disasters. At the river basin level, the water security indices are designed to be effective, simple, widely available, having no ambiguity, and directly related to the progress of infrastructure development. The water security results are presented as a radar diagram, and spatially in the thematic map. It is concluded that the overall water security score in West Java is “capable” (score of 3). The weakest security is Ciliwung-Cisadane and Citarum as “engaged” (score of 2). Both river basins are suffering from “hazardous” environmental water security.
Information on water availability is vital in water resources management. Unfortunately, information on the condition of hydrological data, either river flow data, or rainfall data is very limited temporally and spatially. With the availability of satellite technology, rainfall in the tropics can be monitored and recorded for further analysis. This paper discusses the calculation of surface water availability based on rainfall data from TRMM satellite, and then Wflow, a distributed rainfall-runoff model generates monthly time runoff data from 2003 to 2015 for all river basin areas in Indonesia. It is concluded that the average surface water availability in Indonesia is 88.3 thousand m3/s or equivalent to 2.78 trillion m3/ year. This figure is lower than the study of Water Resources Research Center 2010 based on discharge at the post estimated water that produces 3.9 trillion m3/year, but very close to the study of Aquastat FAO of 2.79 trillion m3 / year. The main benefit of this satellite-based calculation is that at any location in Indonesia, potential surface water can be obtained by multiplying the area of the catchment and the runoff height.
Cabe jamu is categorized as the primary material for the jamu industry because it contains an active compound that provides a health benefit. Furthermore, some area in east java is known as the central production of cabe jamu. Almost 80% of the plant area is located at Madura Island, covering Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep. Agricultural products have different characteristics when planted at different locations because of climate, soil, and environmental condition. However, counterfeit practice deteriorates the specialty of products for economic purposes. Several techniques were developed detection system of products based on geographical origin or authenticity. This paper aims to explore potential technology that is able to evaluate the authentication of products and potentially applied to cabe jamu. Overall, several strategies were obtained from this literature study to provide the high-accuracy classification of cabe jamu related to geographical origin: Coupling NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics, utilization of multiple techniques like other vibrational spectroscopy or non-vibrational spectroscopy, and use of data fusion approach to elevate the accuracy of the classification model.
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