The lidocaine injection did not show statistical difference when compared with saline solution in the periprostatic blockade during echo-guided prostate biopsy.

Neurofibromatosis or Von Recklinghausen's disease is a rare disease that affects the urogenital system in its visceral form. We report on one case where the patient had a recurring mass located in the vesicouterine space that caused irritative urinary symptoms, which was confirmed as uterine cervix neurofibroma following surgery and immunohistochemical study. We stress the importance of a wide resection of such tumors and the need for long-term follow-up due to the high recurrence index and the risk of malignant transformation.

OBJECTIVE:Perineal prostatectomy has been proposed as a less invasive and safe procedure, but the risk of anal incontinence has been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of perineal access on anal continence mechanisms after perineal prostatectomy.METHODS:From August 2008 to May 2009, twenty three patients underwent perineal prostatectomy. These patients were evaluated before surgery and eight months postoperatively using the Cleveland Clinic Anal Incontinence Score, the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score, and anorectal manometry.RESULTS:The mean age of the subjects was 65 (range, 54-72) years, and the mean prostate weight was 34.5 (range, 24-54) grams. Gleason scores ranged from 6-7, and the mean Cleveland Clinic Anal Incontinence Score (mean±standard deviation) values were 0.9±1.9 and 0.7±1.2 (p>0.05) before and after surgery, respectively. The Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score did not change significantly after surgery. The mean values for anal manometric parameters before and after surgery were, respectively: Resting Pressures of 64±23 mmHg and 65±17 mmHg (p = 0.763), Maximum Squeezing Pressures of 130±41 mmHg and 117±40 mmHg (p = 0.259), High Pressure Zones of 3.0±0.9 cm and 2.7±0.8 cm (p = 0.398), Rectal Sensory Thresholds of 76±25 ml and 71±35 ml (p = 0.539), Maximum Tolerated Rectal Volumes of 157±48 ml and 156±56 ml (p = 0.836), and Sphincter Asymmetry Indexes 22.4±9% and 14.4±5% (p = 0.003).CONCLUSION:There was a significant decrease in the sphincter symmetry index after perineal prostatectomy. With the exception of the sphincter asymmetry index, perineal prostatectomy did not affect anal continence parameters.

Objective: Description and early results of a new urethral sling technique for treatment of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence, which combines efficacy, low cost and technical simplicity. Materials and Methods: From May 2003 to April 2004, 30 patients with moderate or total urinary incontinence, following radical prostatectomy or endoscopic resection of the prostate, underwent the new technique. The technique is based on the placement of a longitudinal-shaped sling in the bulbar urethra, measuring 4 cm in length by 1.8 cm in width, made of Dacron or polypropylene mesh, fixed by 4 sutures on each side, with 2 sutures passed with Stamey-Pereira needle by retropubic approach and 2 by prepubic approach, which are then tied over the pubis.Pressure control was determined by interrupting the loss of infused water through a suprapubic cystostomy 60 cm from the pubis level.Results: Pre-operative assessment excluded vesical instability, urethral stenosis and urinary infection. Suprapubic cystostomy was removed when the patient was able to satisfactorily void with urinary residue lower than 100 mL, which occurred in 29 of the 30 cases. In 2 cases, there was infection of the prosthesis, requiring its removal. In 3 cases, there was the need to adjust the sling (increasing the tension), due to failure of the urinary continence. Overall, 20 of 30 (66.7%) operated patients became totally continent, and did not require any kind of pads. Four of 30 (13.3%) patients achieved partial improvement, requiring 1 to 2 pads daily and 6 of 30 (20%) patients had minimal or no improvement. There was no case of urethral erosion.Conclusion: This new sling technique has shown highly encouraging preliminary results. Its major advantage over other surgical techniques for treatment of moderate or severe stress urinary incontinence is the simplicity for its execution and low cost. A long-term assessment, addressing maintenance of continence, detrusor function and preservation of the upper urinary tract, is still needed.

Horseshoe kidney with pyelic fusion and crossed single ureter is a rare anomaly, with only 3 cases described in the literature. Such anomaly can be accompanied by other abnormalities, such as congenital scoliosis and situs inversus totalis. We present one case of this malformation associated with malignant neoplasia, treated with partial nephrectomy.

No período de 1976 a 1989, 46 pacientes com hipernefroma foram tratados no Serviço de Urologia do Hospital Amaral Carvalho. Esses pacientes foram divididos segundo o estadiamento do tumor e foram estudados em relação ao sexo, idade, cor, lado afetado e conduta do serviço, nesses 13 anos. Foi realizado levantamento da literatura mundial a respeito das condutas atuais nesses tumores.

Um caso raro de linfangiomatose envolvendo unilateralmente o retroperitôneo, canal femural e rim ipsilateral é relatado. As características clínicas e formas de tratamento são revistas.

Nuclear medicine has acquired a crucial role in the management of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) by improving the accuracy of diagnosis and staging as well as their risk stratification and personalized therapies, including radioligand therapies (RLT). Artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics can enable physicians to further improve the overall efficiency and accuracy of the use of these tools in both diagnostic and therapeutic settings by improving the prediction of the tumor grade, differential diagnosis from other malignancies, assessment of tumor behavior and aggressiveness, and prediction of treatment response. This systematic review aims to describe the state-of-the-art AI and radiomics applications in the molecular imaging of NENs.