Qualidade físico-química e microbiológica da água para o consumo humano e a relação com a saúde: estudo em uma comunidade rural no estado de São PauloMicrobiological and physical-chemical quality of water for human consumption and the relationships with health: study in an agricultural community in state São Paulo Calidad microbiológica y fisicoquímica del agua para consumo humano y sus relaciones con la salud: estudio en una comunidad agrícola en el estado São Paulo aBSTRaCT: In this study we evaluated the relationship between health and environmental sanitation in the context of the process of social development, analyzing the quality of the water for human consumption in Sepé Tiarajú-SP Agricultural Community, which constitutes a project of sustainable development. During the inquiry we identified the presence of pathogenic parasites and coliform bacteria in collected water samples in the points of collective supplying, in the containers of water storage of housings, in the springs and the Serra Azul River range. Parasitological and bacteriological analyzes of collected samples had been carried through in procedures established by Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA) and CETESB -Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (Company of Technology for Environmental Sanitation). Results lead us to consider the water used in some communities as a risk factor for the health of human beings that use that it. We believe the development of a work of sanitary education for rural populations, the adoption of preventive measures aiming at the preservation of water sources and the treatment of waters already compromised, allied to techniques of waste treatment, are tools necessary for greatly diminishing the risk of hydric propagation diseases.KeYWoRDS: Environmental sanitation. Quality of water -control of water quality. Health.ReSuMen: En este estudio evaluamos la relación entre la salud y el saneamiento ambiental en el contexto del proceso de desarrollo social, analizando la calidad del agua para consumo humano en la comunidad agrícola Sepé Tiarajú-SP, que constituye un proyecto de desarrollo sostenible. Durante la investigación identificamos la presencia de parásitos patógenos y de bacterias coliformes en muestras de agua recogidas en puntos de abastecimiento colectivo, en los envases de almacenaje del agua de cubiertas, en los resortes y la gama del río Serra Azul. Análisis parasitológicos y bacteriológicos de muestras recogidas han sido ejecutadas según los procedimientos establecidos por Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA) (métodos para el examen del agua y de las aguas residuales) y CETESB -Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental. Los resultados nos llevan a considerar el agua utilizado en algunas comunidades como factor de riesgo para la salud de los seres humanos que la utilizan. Creemos que el desarrollo de un trabajo de educación sanitaria para las poblaciones rurales, la adopción de medidas preventivas que tengan como objetivo la preservación d...

Mixture of metals and herbicides in rivers may pose relevant risks for the health of surrounding communities. Humans may be exposed to river pollution through intake of contaminated water and fish, as well as irrigated agricultural products. The aim of this study was to assess the human health risks of environmental exposure to metals and herbicides through water and fish intake in the Pardo River. Metals (Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni, Tl, Sn, V, and Zn) were analyzed in river water and in edible fish. Herbicides (ametryn, atrazine, diuron, hexazinone, simazine, and tebuthiuron) were analyzed in river water. Seasonal variances were also studied. Aluminum, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn levels in river water were higher than the USEPA benchmarks. Non-carcinogenic risks due to pollutants mixture exposure were above the limit, and carcinogenic risks of As exposure were >10 in the sampling points during the rainy season. Metal levels in fish were lower than the Brazilian legislation and do not pose a threat to public health. Herbicides were detected in four sampling points, with atrazine concentrations (range 0.16-0.32 μg/L) below the Brazilian standard (2.0 μg/L), but above the European Union standard (0.1 μg/L). Considering the water supply needs of cities located in the Pardo River Basin and the persistence of metals and herbicides, the present study indicated that there was a seasonal influence on non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to human health, especially in the rainy season. Studies for water treatment plants implantation should consider the risks of exposure to persistent substances, in order to protect the population.

A água é elemento fundamental para a vida. Seus múltiplos usos são indispensáveis a um largo espectro das atividades humanas, entre as que se destacam, o abastecimento público e industrial, a irrigação agrícola, a produção de energia elétrica e as atividades de lazer e recreação. Sabe-se que o Brasil ainda tem uma situação privilegiada com relação à quantidade e à qualidade de água, porém seu uso não tem se dado de maneira responsável e muitas vezes resulta no comprometimento dessa qualidade. O presente estudo visa avaliar parâmetros limnológicos, parasitológicos e bacteriológicos, assim como as concentrações de Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn Hg e Zn da água superficial do córrego Ribeirão Preto. As leituras de pH, Temperatura, Oxigênio Dissolvido, Condutividade e Transparência foram realizadas no local de coleta, com equipamentos específicos (PHmetro, Medidor de Oxigênio Dissolvido, Condutivímetro e Disco de Secchi, portáteis e devidamente calibrados). As análises parasitológicas (Método de Sedimentação e sua quantificação realizada na

The quality of drinking water and its health implications for school children were examined at schools in the Santarém region, Amazon, Brazil. In this region, the population is fully supplied by groundwater from the voluminous Alter do Chão aquifer. Drinking water samples from three schools in Santarem city and from one school at the rural Mojuí dos Campos town were subjected to microbiological and physicochemical compositional analyses. The health risk of human exposure to chemical compounds through water intake was also evaluated. The results indicated that most water samples were contaminated with total coliform and with E. coli, which could cause serious intestinal disorders for school children. Drinking water was acidic and most of the chemical element concentrations were within Brazilian water potability recommended levels. One exception was the high aluminium content in schools from Santarem served by shallower wells, suggesting that further epidemiological studies are necessary and the monitoring of exposed school children should not be discarded. Elevated nitrate concentrations were also noted in schools from Santarém with shallower wells, indicating lack of sanitation and the importance of periodic monitoring of drinking water to prevent adverse health effects. Quantification of human health risk indicated a hazard in schools served by shallower wells, with aluminium as the main pollutant, followed by nitrate. The results showed that most drinking water quality parameters are in accordance with Brazilian legislation. However, microbiological contamination, water acidity, aluminium and nitrate concentrations must be taken into consideration for local governments in order to prevent related diseases among school children.