The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 151 is an essential document for bunker design commonly applied for radiotherapy treatment rooms. This document is used as a reference by several countries, including Brazil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the shielding dimensioning methodology recommended by NCRP 151, and compare it with the one adopted by the Brazilian regulatory authority. Radiotherapy rooms and respective doors were designed to use linear accelerators operating at 6, 10, 15, and 18 MeV under two different ways: (a) applying exclusively the methodology recommended by the NCRP 151, and (b) taking into consideration the complementary recommendations from the Brazilian authorities. The results suggest that designers in Brazil can count on at least 4 and 11% safety margin for dimensioning primary barriers in controlled and free areas respectively. Also 8% for secondary barriers in controlled areas, 9.7% for secondary barriers adjacent to the primary belt of free areas, and 6.6% for the lead of the doors.

The development of prostheses with robotics and programming solutions can be a viable low-cost alternative for simulating the functions lost by disabled people. These prostheses can be used as part of recovery and reintegration of these people with limitations, such as picking up objects and feeling textures due to the loss of part of the arm, either in the surgical process, due to genetic malformation, or by accident. Mechanized prostheses still have a high value of market, which contribute to low purchasing power, making the acquisition of this type of material unfeasible. Based on this reality, the present work aims to improve mechanical prosthesis of the upper limb with anthropomorphic characteristics focusing on low financial cost. To this end, we sought to develop prosthesis composed of mechanical parts designed in simplify3D V4.1 software for printing on a 3D machine (Anet A8), whose modeling was performed by the Autodesk Inventor program (student version), also employing EMG and force sensors Strain Gauge, whose commands were programmed on a nano Arduino platform. The results showed that the EMG sensors capture the neural signals and route them to the nano arduino providing the opening of the fingers of the projected mechanism. The force sensors also presented the closing of the fingers in a satisfactory way. Therefore, the work was relevant for the social aspect, in the development of mechanical prosthesis with accessible values, not compared to the values practiced by the market. The importance of works of this nature demonstrate the results of interdisciplinary knowledge in engineering solutions under current demands in the presentation of viable alternatives that can be improved in future research and in the creation of products.

Este trabalho descreve a modelagem computacional de dispersão atmosférica decorrente de acidente radiológico hipotético em reator modular de pequeno porte (SMR), cuja potência é de 16 MWe (50 MWt). Utilizou-se o software SCALE para modelar o núcleo com três regiões de enriquecimento do combustível, a 4%, 5% e 20%, e obter atividades dos radionuclídeos oriundos de reações nucleares durante o burnup, após 2 anos de operação. Foi escolhida uma localidade de interior para instalação do SMR, onde informações sobre condições meteorológicas foram coletadas para identificação da classe de estabilidade atmosférica predominante. Dentre os radionuclídeos do inventário, considerou-se a contribuição do Cs-137 para simulação, usando-se o código HotSpot, da concentração e das doses totais efetivas (TEDE) recebidas, ambas em função da distância do evento. Os resultados sugerem que a TEDE máxima calculada foi de 3,6 Sv, a 34 m do reator, diminuindo com o tempo e distância, e seguindo o modelo Gaussiano de dispersão, e que a pluma de contaminação é dependente dos critérios de Pasquill-Gifford e da atividade do Cs-137. Para doses entre 1 mSv e 10 mSv e entre 10 mSv e 50 mSv, sugere-se a abrigagem da população nas construções existentes na localidade, e para valores acima de 50 mSv, a abrigagem nessas condições ou a evacuação do pessoal das proximidades do reator em movimento contrário ao de propagação da pluma. A relevância dessa investigação mostra a importância do planejamento de respostas em situação de emergência e a influência das condições meteorológicas, considerando-se os dados assumidos na

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The triggering of a “dirty bomb” generates a complex scenario, with enormous challenges for the responders due to initial misinformation and the urgency to act quickly yet effectively. Normally, the first 100 h are decisive for perceiving the risk in a more realistic dimension, but the support of methodologies that rely on computational simulations can be valuable when making key decisions. This work seeks to provide support for the early decision-making process by using a Gaussian model for the distribution of a quantity of Cs-137 spread by a radiological dispersive device (RDD). By sequentially joining two independent programs, HotSpot Health Physics codes and RESidual RADiation (RESRAD)-RDD family of codes, we came up with results that suggest a segmented approach to the potentially affected population. These results advocate that (a) the atmospheric stability conditions represented by the Pasquill–Gifford classes and (b) the population subgroups defined by radiation exposure conditions strongly influence the postdetonation radiological effects. These variables should be taken into account in the elaboration of flexible strategies that include many climatic conditions and to priori-tize attention to different groups of public at risk. During the initial phases of such an event, it is believed that simulations using Gaussian models may be of value in anticipating the possible changes in key variables during the decision-making process. These variables may severely affect the effectiveness of the actions of responders and the general public’s safety.