BACKGROUND Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects predominantly the axial skeleton, vertebral spine, entheses, as well as the sacroiliac and peripheral joints. Therefore, its diagnosis and preemptive treatment are essential in preventing further lesions, many of which can be limiting and irreparable. Because of phenotypic similarities, during inspection, AS may be conflated with an advanced case of DISH or others, though their pathophysiology differ.
BACKGROUND Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a rare chronic dermatosis, classified as a leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small vessels of the dermis. The name EED was first used by Radcliff-Crocker and Williams, who separated the disease into two groups: the Bury subtype associated with rheumatic diseases, particularly affecting young women, and the Hutchinson subtype, which tends to affect with more frequency elderly men. Its etiology is still unknown, but it is believed to result from the deposition of immunocomplexes in the perivascular dermis, secondary to infections, neoplasias or autoimmune diseases, inducing an inflammatory cascade that would damage the vessel wall and consequent fibrosis.
CA-INT-L and CA-INT-R sequences that span the transposable intron in 25SrDNA.Results/Discussion: Fluconazole susceptibility (MIC ≤8 g/ml) was 52/92(56.5%) while Fluconazole susceptible dose dependant (S-DD) (MIC 16-32 g/ml) was 28/92(30.5%). There were 12/92(13.0%) isolates with MIC ≥ 64 g/ml to fluconazole. The MIC90 and MIC50 of the isolates were 16 and 8 g/ml, respectively. Most of the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B with > 90% of the isolates with MIC of ≤ 0.25 g/ml and only two isolates with MIC ≥1 g/ml. Candida albicans genotype A, B and C were identified with genotype A being the most (60%) predominant. Due to life long fluconazole maintenance therapy in HIV/AIDS, there is need for constant surveillance for emerging azoles resistance and strengthening technical and infrastructural capabilities for diagnosis and research in HIV/AIDS associated opportunistic infections.
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