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Patient portals to Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are underused by older adults because of limited system usability and usefulness, including difficulty understanding numeric information. We investigated whether enhanced context for portal messages about test results improved responses to these messages, comparing verbally, graphically, and video-enhanced formats. Older adults viewed scenarios with fictitious patient profiles and messages describing results for these patients from cholesterol or diabetes screening tests indicating lower, borderline, or higher risk levels. These messages were conveyed by standard format (table of numerical test scores) or one of the enhanced formats. Verbatim and gist memory for test results, risk perception, affective response, attitude toward and intention to perform self-care behaviors, and satisfaction were measured. Verbally and video enhanced context improved older adults’ gist but not verbatim memory compared to the standard format, suggesting we were successful in designing messages that highlight gist-based information. Little evidence was found for benefits related to the graphically enhanced format. Although verbally and video enhanced formats improved gist memory and message satisfaction, they had less impact on the other responses to the messages. However, these responses reflected level of risk: As risk associated with test results increased, positive affect decreased whereas negative affect, perceived risk, behavioral attitudes, and intentions increased, as predicted by behavioral change theories.

Little is known about the online learning behaviors of students traditionally underrepresented in STEM fields (i.e., UR-STEM students), as well as how those behaviors impact important learning outcomes. The present study examined the relationship between online discussion forum engagement and success for UR-STEM and non-UR-STEM students, using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) model as our theoretical framework. Social network analysis and nested regression models were used to explore how three different measures of forum engagement-1) total number of posts written, 2) number of help-seeking posts written and replied to, and 3) level of connectivity-were related to improvement (i.e., relative performance gains) for 70 undergraduate students enrolled in an online introductory STEM course. We found a significant positive relationship between help-seeking and improvement and nonsignificant effects of general posting and connectivity; these results held for UR-STEM and non-UR-STEM students alike. Our findings suggest that online help-seeking has benefits for course improvement beyond what can be predicted by posting alone and that one need not be well connected in a class network to achieve positive learning outcomes. Finally, UR-STEM students demonstrated greater grade improvement than their non-UR-STEM counterparts, which suggests that the online environment has the potential to combat barriers to success that disproportionately affect underrepresented students.

RESUMOAs Ciências Contábeis, em termos científicos, constituem uma área relativamente jovem, mas com desenvolvimento bastante promissor, se considerado o crescimento experimentado pela pós-graduação stricto sensu nesta década. Os estudos epistemológi-cos realizados na área apontam melhorias na produção científica nos últimos anos, mas show that the theoretical-empirical studies are predominant (84%) with emphasis on quasiexperimental modality (58%). The total researches set out research problems, but still have questions of value in the elaboration of the problems (8%). The study hypotheses were stated in most works (62%); of these, 38% showed accidental causal relationship and 24%, the required causal relationship. Finally, it was verified that some authors (20%) began to clearly state the thesis of the researches conducted. However, this was observed only from 2007. Teses das Teses em Contabilidade na UspKeywords: Thesis; Doctorate; Epistomology; Accounting. RESUMENLas Ciencias Contables, en términos científicos, constituyen un área relativamente joven, pero con un desarrollo bastante animador si se considera el crecimiento experimentado por el