El estudio evaluó la calidad del agua destinada al consumo humano en el cantón Quevedo, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador. Se evaluaron parámetros físicos, químicos y microbiológicos del agua en nueve estaciones de bombeo del EPMAPAQ, en épocas lluviosa y seca. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos con los valores de referencia establecidos en las normativas (Acuerdo ministerial Nº 097 Norma INEN 1108, TULSMA, EPA y OMS), bajo el criterio de calidad para aguas destinadas al consumo humano y uso doméstico. Se determinó el Índice de Calidad de Agua (ICA) y la correlación estadística entre los parámetros, usando la prueba de “t” de Student, con una significancia estadística de p = 0,05 entre las dos épocas. Los parámetros: nitritos, nitratos, turbidez, sólidos disueltos totales, pH, dureza total, color y hierro, se encuentran en el rango de aceptabilidad de calidad ambiental. Los valores, manganeso y oxígeno disuelto sobrepasan los límites máximos permisibles por el TULSMA, al igual que los coliformes fecales, en época lluviosa. La mayoría de los parámetros presentaron diferencias significativas (“t” al 5%) entre las dos épocas. El agua del cantón Quevedo está levemente contaminada y requiere tratamiento de potabilización previo a su consumo. ABSTRACTThe study evaluated the quality of water intended for human consumption in the canton Quevedo, province of Los Rios, Ecuador. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of water in nine EPMAPAQ pumping stations were evaluated, in rainy and dry seasons. The results obtained with the reference values set out in the regulations (Ministerial Agreement No. 097 Standard INEN 1108, TULSMA, EPA and WHO) under the quality criterion for water intended for human consumption and domestic use was compared. The Water Quality Index (ICA) and the statistical correlation between parameters were determined using the test "t" of Student, with a statistical significance of p = 0.05 between the two periods. Parameters: nitrites, nitrates, turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH, total hardness, color and iron are in the range of acceptability environmental quality. Values, manganese, dissolved oxygen exceed the maximum permissible limits for the TULSMA, like fecal coliform in the rainy season. Most parameters showed significant differences ("t" 5%) between the two periods. Quevedo Canton water is slightly contaminated and requires purification treatment before consumption.
The evaluation of volume, necromass, states of decay, solubility, and cellulose and lignin content in coarse woody debris (RLC) accumulated in an evergreen temperate forest of old-growth in the Puyehue National Park, South-Central Chile. Ten plots of 900 m 2 each, were quantified for RLC (≥ 10 cm diameter). For necromass quantification was used a scale of five categories/states of decay, necromass (1 = lowest and 5 = highest
Coarse woody debris (CWD) are the necromass in wooded environments and comply with various ecosystems functions, such as seedling nursery, habitat other organisms, store carbon (C) and nutrients, etc.. Volume, necromass, and decay states of CWD dead in an old-growth temperate (OGTF) forest in Puyehue National Park, South-Central Chile were evaluated. In 10 plots of 900 m2 CWD was quantified (≥ 10 cm diameter), whose necromass classified using a scale of five categories/stages of decay, necromass (1 = lowest and 5 = highest degradation). The average forest density was 299 trees ha-1, 112 m2 ha-1 of basal area, and 2.395 m3 of stem volume. The upper arboreal stratum was dominated by N. betuloides. The greatest amount of CWD belonged to N. betuloides (95,2%), where logs (52,7%) and branches (35%), plant structures were present in greater numbers. The bulk of necromass found in advanced states of decomposition (level 4 and 5) with 56,5% and 34,1%, respectively. It was determined that the CWD volume was 632 m3 ha-1, representing a necromass of 321.5 Mg ha- 1. These results demonstrate that the old-growth temperate forests of southern Chile are significant reserves of coarse woody debris, which contributes to the biogeochemistry of these complex and remote ecosystems.
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