We introduce a family of matrices that define logics in which paraconsistency and/or paracompleteness occurs only at the level of literals, that is, formulas that are propositional letters or their iterated negations. We give a sound and complete axiomatization for the logic defined by the class of all these matrices, we give conditions for the maximality of these logics and we study in detail several relevant examples.
In this paper we expand previous results obtained in [2] about the study of categorical equivalence between the category IRL0 of integral residuated lattices with bottom, which generalize MV -algebras and a category whose objects are called c-differential residuated lattices. The equivalence is given by a functor K • , motivated by an old construction due to J. Kalman, which was studied by Cignoli in [3] in the context of Heyting and Nelson algebras. These results are then specialized to the case of MV -algebras and the corresponding category MV • of monadic MV -algebras induced by "Kalman's functor" K • . Moreover, we extend the construction to `-groups introducing the new category of monadic `-groups together with a functor Γ ] , that is "parallel" to the well known functor Γ between `-groups and MV -algebras.
Este artículo presenta resultados preliminares de un estudio que buscó establecer las oportunidades de preparación para enseñar matemática de los futuros profesores de Educación General Básica. Se analizaron mallas curriculares de 36 carreras, programas de Matemática y de Didáctica de la Matemática de 12 carreras, y se tomaron pruebas y encuestas a alumnos a dos niveles de formación de cuatro carreras (analizadas con mayor profundidad), lo que incluyó entrevistas a sus profesores. El estudio mostró un número insuficiente de cursos de Matemática y de Didáctica de la Matemática, ausencia de temas importantes del currículo escolar (cuya enseñanza se sabe débil y confusa), bajo rendimiento de estos estudiantes en preguntas de matemática elemental y una amplísima mayoría de estudiantes de nivel avanzado que estiman insuficiente la preparación que reciben en Matemática y en Didáctica de la Matemática.
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