Background: The 22q13 deletion syndrome (PhelanMcDermid syndrome) is characterised by a global developmental delay, absent or delayed speech, generalised hypotonia, autistic behaviour and characteristic phenotypic features. Intranasal insulin has been shown to improve declarative memory in healthy adult subjects and in patients with Alzheimer disease. Aims: To assess if intranasal insulin is also able to improve the developmental delay in children with 22q13 deletion syndrome. Methods: We performed exploratory clinical trials in six children with 22q13 deletion syndrome who received intranasal insulin over a period of 1 year. Short-term (during the first 6 weeks) and long-term effects (after 12 months of treatment) on motor skills, cognitive functions, or autonomous functions, speech and communication, emotional state, social behaviour, behavioural disorders, independence in daily living and education were assessed. Results: The children showed marked short-term improvements in gross and fine motor activities, cognitive functions and educational level. Positive long-term effects were found for fine and gross motor activities, nonverbal communication, cognitive functions and autonomy. Possible side effects were found in one patient who displayed changes in balance, extreme sensitivity to touch and general loss of interest. One patient complained of intermittent nose bleeding. Conclusions: We conclude that long-term administration of intranasal insulin may benefit motor development, cognitive functions and spontaneous activity in children with 22q13 deletion syndrome.
ZusammenfassungLaut den aktuellen Studien zur Gesundheit in Deutschland (GEDA) haben knapp 20% der schwangeren Frauen einen "moderaten Alkoholkonsum" und knapp 8% einen riskanten The aim of this review is the illustration of the medical and psychological possibilities and necessities regarding children and adolescents with FASD.An early diagnosis together with a constant supporting and violence-free environment is the most important protective factor for the long-term outcome of patients with FASD.
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