Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for water + citric acid + 2-butanol + NaCl at three different salt concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mass %) and at 298.15 K were determined. The parameters for the NRTL and UNIQUAC models were obtained by fitting the thermodynamic models to the experimental data.
In the past few years, new processes for citric acid recovery have been studied. Among these processes, liquid-liquid extraction has had special attention. The extraction process is attractive due to the fact that, if a good solvent is used, it presents high selectivity and efficiency, it does not affect the thermal stability of products, and it requires low energy consumption. In this work, experimental data for the liquid-liquid equilibria of water-citric acid-solvent systems were obtained. The following solvents were tested: 2-butanol, 1-butanol, and mixed solvents containing those alcohols and tricaprylin. The parameters for the NRTL and UNIQUAC models were obtained by fitting the thermodynamic models to the experimental data.
Adequar as máquinas e equipamentos das empresas de acordo com a legislação brasileira dada pela Norma Regulamentadora 12 (NR-12) não somente torna as condições de trabalho melhores como também mais seguras. A norma auxilia as empresas a manterem as suas máquinas e equipamentos em boas condições, melhorando, assim, o seu desempenho, segurança e produtividade. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fábrica Toder Verpackung Embalagens, que é ativa na impressão de filmes e embalagens para a indústria alimentícia. Seu pátio de equipamentos contém máquinas impressoras, extrusoras, laminadoras e rebobinadoras. Os itens que não estavam presentes na totalidade visando atender a NR-12 foram apontados no laudo de conformidades, assim como foi aplicada a matriz de riscos para avaliação de perigos e riscos e quais as mitigações necessárias para cada perigo e risco.
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