The work presents a method of obtaining an aqueous raspberry extract as well as its physicochemical and analytical characteristics. The paper also contains a description of the method of preparation of nanosilver suspensions based on this extract. The raspberry extract served as a source of phenolic compounds which acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Suspensions of silver nanoparticles were obtained with the use of chemical reduction method. The silver ions concentration, pH value and temperature of samples incubation were independent variables. The next step of the research was to measure the antifungal activity of the received silver nanoparticles as well as to perform a mycological efficacy resistance analysis of the tested preparations in relation to different concentrations of nanostructured silver. Tests were conducted in compliance with the Eucast guidelines. The results of microbiological study of (the samples') biocidal effect against Cladosporium cladosporoides and Aspergillus niger are described. It was found that using nanosilver suspension at the concentration of 50 ppm inhibited the growth of Cladosporium cladosporoides and Aspergillus niger by 90% and 70%, respectively.
The aim of the study was to evaluate antifungal and antibacterial properties of surfactin isolated from Bacillus subtilis growing on molasses. Molasses replaced the traditional microbiological media to culture the B. subtilis. 10 phytopathogens and 30 E. coli strains were used in the study. The results demonstrated the ability of surfactin produced by Bacillus sp. growing on molasses to inhibit mycelial growth of the 4 fungi from 10 tested and all E. coli strains measured by agar plate inhibition assays. Fungi inhibited to the greatest degree as measured by the inhibition zones were Botrytis cinerea A 258 (~50% of inhibition), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum K 2291 (~50% of inhibition), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides A 259 (~40% of inhibition), Phoma complanata A 233 (~38% of inhibition), Phoma exigua var. exigua A 175 (~20% of inhibition). Among the E. coli, high inhibition growth was noted in 76% of the isolates. Application of natural products such as biosurfactant may be a new approach to biological control therefore reducing the need for synthetic chemical compounds.
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