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How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives—self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care—are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people’s fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes.

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The goals of the present study were to investigate socio-demographic characteristics and well-being indicators associated with pet ownership. The respondents (N ¼ 801, 53.8% females; 56.2% with children) came from the five macro-regions of Brazil (8% North, 28% Northeast, 36% Southeast, 18% South, 10% Central-West). Their ages ranged from 20 to 50 years. Over half of the sample (60%) reported living with a pet. Logistic regression showed that residence type (to be owner versus renter) and parental status (to be childless versus to have children) were predictors of pet ownership. We found interaction between pet ownership and sex on well-being indicators: the Mann-Whitney test showed that men who owned a pet reported better sleep quality, better relationship with neighbors and less sadness; whereas women who owned a pet reported lower life organization. With respect to life satisfaction, no differences were found between pet owners and non-pet owners. Implications of our findings and new research directions are discussed. Our study was conducted before the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey should be reapplied during and after the pandemic, so that we can deepen our knowledge of the sociodemographic characteristics and subjective well-being indicators associated with pet ownership.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has affected all countries with more than 100 million confirmed cases and over 2.1 million casualties by the end of January 2021 worldwide. A prolonged pandemic can harm global levels of optimism, regularity, and sense of meaning and belonging, yielding adverse effects on individuals' mental health as represented by worry, paranoia, and distress. Here we studied resilience, a successful adaptation despite risk and adversity, in five countries: Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Israel, and Norway. In April 2020, over 2,500 participants were recruited for an observational study measuring protective and obstructive factors for distress and paranoia. More than 800 of these participants also completed a follow-up study in July. We found that thriving, keeping a regular schedule, engaging in physical exercise and less procrastination served as factors protecting against distress and paranoia. Risk factors were financial worries and a negative mindset, e.g., feeling a lack of control. Longitudinally, we found no increase in distress or paranoia despite an increase in expectation of how long the outbreak and the restrictions will last, suggesting respondents engaged in healthy coping and adapting their lives to the new circumstances. Altogether, our data suggest that humans adapt even to prolonged stressful events. Our data further highlight several protective factors that policymakers should leverage when considering stress-reducing policies.

Caracterização das relações entre depressão pós-parto, modelos culturais de self, etnoteorias e práticas maternas em uma amostra paulistana atendida pelo sistema público de saúde / Renata Pereira Defelipe; orientadora Vera Silvia Raad Bussab. --São Paulo, 2013. 209 À Professora Dra. Heidi Keller que, independente da distância, foi extremamente próxima ao me ajudar de modo generoso e humilde com questões teóricas intrincadas relacionadas a seu programa de pesquisa.Às Professoras Dras. Maria Lúcia Seidl-de-Moura e Ângela Donato Oliva por me receberem de maneira tão atenciosa, juntamente com seus alunos, no Grupo de Pesquisa de Interação Social e Desenvolvimento (UERJ). À Maria Lúcia, um agradecimento especial pela leitura crítica e revigorante do meu projeto de doutorado e à Ângela, minha gratidão pela oportunidade de aprender sobre suas pesquisas.Aos professores Athanasios Chasiotis, Rachel Dankner, Joscha Kärtner e Monika Abels por compartilharem suas experiências e me enviarem materiais teóricos.Aos demais professores do Instituto de Psicologia e de outros Institutos da USP que, indiretamente, contribuíram para este trabalho através de suas disciplinas enriquecedoras.A todos os funcionários do Instituto de Psicologia, em especial, a Ana Laura, Ari, Edith, Gi, Ronaldo, Sônia e Vilma por me darem suporte informacional e emocional durante todos estes anos.A todos os pesquisadores do Projeto Ipê que, através de suas formações multidisciplinares, fomentaram inúmeras discussões capazes de promover um maior entendimento a um fenômeno tão complexo e multideterminado como a depressão pós-parto. Agradecimentos especiais àqueles que além de pesquisadores do Ipê tornaram-se parte da minha vida. À "Anak" por nossa amizade e por ser meu alicerce quando mais precisei. À "Alê" e "Bia" por terem sido dois "raios de luz" que iluminaram minha escuridão. À "Chel" pela crescente amizade que me ensina tanto e que vai deixar saudades quando estiver em terras longínquas. À "Gabi Sintra" que, apesar de não se "materializar", mora no meu coração. À "Má" por ser parceira na vida e por me ensinar tanto com sua forte delicadeza. À "Tanita" por essa presença maravilhosa de mulher e profissional que me inspira. Ao "Vini" pelos bons momentos e boas risadas.Aos amigos de longa data ("Cá", "Ci", "Mica" e "Vivi"; "Bambo", "Buga", "Haram", "Kaps", "Pico", "Tuda" e "Xura"; "Alta", "Eli"; "Garça", "Marcola", "Luquinhas" e "Olívião") que, com suas diferentes tonalidades, me encheram de cores rumo a mais essa conquista. Agradecimento especial a "Olívião" por me ajudar demais nessa fase final.Minha eterna dívida à Maria de todas as Marias, a minha Maria de Fátima. Por costurar sua existência alinhavando dor e alegria e me ensinando que é preciso ter força, raça e gana sempre. A meu querido pai (in memorian) por me ensinar a assistir o pôr-do-sol reverenciando, assim, as mais singelas e importantes coisas da vida. A minha irmã por me fazer aprender a respeitar e amar os contrastes. A toda minha família pelo suporte e amor incondicionais.A Marli Nald...