The aims of this study were to compare the detection of human herpesviruses (HHVs) in the saliva of HIV-infected and healthy control children, and to evaluate associations between viral infection and gingivitis and immunodeficiency. Saliva samples were collected from 48 HIV-infected and 48 healthy control children. Clinical and laboratory data were collected during dental visits and from medical records. A trained dentist determined gingival indices and extension of gingivitis. Saliva samples were tested for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) by nested polymerase chain reaction assays. Thirty-five HIV-infected and 16 control children had gingivitis. Seventeen (35.4%) HIV-infected children and 13 (27%) control children were positive for HHVs. CMV was the most commonly detected HHV in both groups (HIV-infected, 25%; control, 12.5%), followed by HSV-1 (6.2% in both groups) and HSV-2 (HIV-infected, 4.2%; control, 8.3%). The presence of HHVs in saliva was not associated with the presence of gingivitis in HIV-1-infected children (p = 0.104) or healthy control children (p = 0.251), or with immunosuppression in HIV-infected individuals (p = 0.447). Gingivitis was correlated with HIV infection (p = 0.0001). These results suggest that asymptomatic salivary detection of HHVs is common in HIV-infected and healthy children, and that it is not associated with gingivitis.
The aim of this investigation was to identify the prevalence of herpesvirus types 1-8 in the oral cavity of subjects with chronic renal failure (CRF) and healthy subjects and compare the two groups, and also correlate the presence of the virus with some characteristics of CRF disease (the type of treatment, drugs administered for CRF and the presence of oral manifestations). The sample was made up of 60 subjects (aged 4-20) divided into the renal group (RG) and healthy group. Anamnesis, intraoral examination and collection of clinical specimens (swab smears) were carried out. The nested-PCR technique was used to identify the viral species. The results showed a higher prevalence of HSV-1 (20%), human herpes virus (HHV)-6B (83%), CMV (13.3%) in RG group than in healthy group (HSV-1: 3.3%; HHV-6B: 20%) (P ≤ 0.05). There was no difference in the prevalence of HHV-7 between the two groups (P > 0.05). HSV-2, EBV, VZV, HHV-6A, and HHV-8 were not identified in either group. The most common symptoms in RG were dry-mouth sensation (60%), changes in taste (33.3%), and uremic odor (26.7%). There was a correlation between HHV-7 and the use of anticoagulants and HHV-6B with dry-mouth sensation (P ≤ 0.05). Based on the results, the prevalence of herpesvirus types (HSV-1, HHV-6B and CMV) were shown to be higher in subjects with CRF as well as in healthy children, but only the HHV-6B and HHV-7 were correlated with some of the disease characteristics. So, more attention should be paid to the oral health of these individuals in order to prevent infection by opportunistic pathogens.
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