Recently, there has been a trend towards healthy food. Consumers are looking for products that have health-promoting properties in addition to their taste. Actinidia fruit, apart from being tasty, contains valuable macro and micronutrients, vitamins, polyphenols and pectins. Tested cultivar Sientiabrskaja belong to Actinidia arguta and cultivars Geneva, Issai and Ken’s Red to A. kolomitka. They well tolerate conditions of moderate climate with negative temperatures in winter. To improve fruit quality, an additional summer pruning of the plants was performed at the time of ripening. After the second additional cutting of Actinidia shoots, an increase in the content of N, P and K in fruit was observed. The additional pruning also had a beneficial effect on the change in fruit color. The fruits were darker, especially in the cultivars Geneva and Ken’s Red. This is related to the ripening of fruit and an increase in anthocyanin content. Additional summer pruning caused changes in the polyphenol content-the amount of phenolic acid and flavan-3 ols decreased, while the level of anthocyanins increased. The antioxidant capacity also increased as well as fruit size, dry matter, pectin and Soluble Solid Content (SSC) content. The acidity of the fruit also decreased which positively affects the taste of the fruit. The highest content of polyphenols and L-ascorbic acid was found in ‘Sientiabrskaja’ fruit; but the highest antioxidant activity (determined Free Radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl-DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Ferric Antioxidant Power-FRAP) was found in fruit with red skin coloring and anthocyanins-‘Issai’ and ‘Ken’s Red’.
Fragmentation of agricultural landscape is considered as a threat to biodiversity of many important habitats around the world. Change to the use of land causing loss, isolation and degradation of ecosystems, is one of the main subjects of study in the field of ecology and conservation biology. An appropriate and complex analysis of factors shaping species diversity of the objects in fragmented agricultural landscape may contribute to the understanding and limiting the negative impact of this phenomenon on biocenosis. This paper is a meta-analysis in order to determine the applied research methods and a synthetic representation of the impact of landscape fragmentation on various spatial objects. The aim of the study was to analyse the main assumption of The Theory of Island Biogeography which states that with the decrease of the area of objects, their biodiversity will decrease, while their isolation will increase. An attempt was also made to assess the impact of particular factors that may affect the plant species richness in given objects. The meta-analysis was carried out on the basis of selected criteria for 41 scientific articles in European countries. It was assumed that one cannot unequivocally state the correctness of applying this theory to any type of objects. The conducted study indicated that usually the greatest positive influence on phytodiversity has the size of a given patch, while isolation was assigned a negative impact. The review of landscape research confirmed the thesis that the surface and isolation cannot be unambiguously determined to shape biodiversity in the patches.
The aim of the research presented in this paper was to assess the state of trees' health in roadside double row of aged white willows regarding the possibility of the protected species of hermit beetle's occurrence. The study was conducted in years 2013 and 2014 on a double row of trees located along the roadside of unpaved local road connecting two farms in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (town Jarantowiczki, Wąbrzeźno district, municipality of Wąbrzeźno). Detailed study included 500 m long section of double row topped tree formation of aged white willows Salix alba, on which the presence of hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita was observed. The most serious threat to the hermit beetle is tree-felling in aged tree rows, which are their natural habitat and at the same time ecological corridor that allows connectivity with other populations of this species in the area. Therefore, it is important to preserve in the agricultural landscape as many cavity trees as possible. Especially important within this matter is to conduct local research on small areas, and provide detailed inventories of natural areas for investment.Występowanie pachnicy dębowej Osmoderma Eremita Scopoli, 1763 w przydrożnym szpalerze wierzbowym Słowa kluczowe Osmoderma eremita, Salix alba, szpaler drzew, przydroże Streszczenie Celem badań przedstawionych w niniejszym artykule jest ocena stanu zdrowotnego drzew przydrożnego szpaleru wiekowych wierzb białych pod kątem możliwości wystąpienia chronionego chrząszcza -pachnicy dębowej. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2013-2014 na szpalerze drzew przydrożnych zlokalizowanym wzdłuż nieutwardzonej drogi gminnej łączącej dwa gospodarstwa rolne w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim (miejscowość Jarantowiczki, powiat wąbrzeski, gmina Wąbrzeźno). Badaniami szczegółowymi objęto 500 m odcinek zadrzewienia szpalerowego zdominowany przez ogłowione, stare wierzby białe Salix alba, na którym obserwowano obecność pachnicy dębowej Osmoderma eremita. Najpoważniejszym zagrożeniem dla pachnicy dębowej jest wycinka starych alei drzew, które są ich siedliskiem i jednocześnie korytarzem ekologicznym umożliwiającym łączność z pozostałymi populacjami tego gatunku na danym terenie. Dlatego tak ważne jest zachowanie Elżbieta Dusza, Renata Gamrat 36 w krajobrazie rolniczym starych dziuplastych drzew. Szczególnie istotnym w tym zakresie staje się prowadzenie badań lokalnych, na niewielkich obszarach oraz szczegółowe inwentaryzacje przyrodnicze obszarów przeznaczonych do zainwestowania.
Urban vegetation is generally exposed to high levels of air pollution in airborne particles, with the greatest exposure in the EU being seen in Poland. With the continuing growth of urban populations, there is a need to confirm whether honey produced from urban areas is of similar high quality to that from rural areas. A total of 27 honey samples were collected from urban and rural apiaries and tested for the concentrations of 19 elements by ICP-OES. The results were compared with data on honey produced in old and new EU countries (metadata). Our evaluation used a novel approach to determine threshold values in the identification of the bioproduct contamination index. The analysed urban honey samples demonstrated higher concentrations of K, Sr, Ba, Ni, and Co, and lower levels of Mn and B than rural honey samples. Contamination by PM10 particles and the toxic elements contained in them proved to be a poor predictor of the content of these elements in honey, in contrast to the effect of atmospheric pollution measured during firework shows, which demonstrated higher concentrations of Ba, Pb, Ca, Cu, and Mg. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment indicated that the analysed honey samples are of good quality and are comparable or of even better quality than honey products from other EU countries.
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