This study aimed to investigate changes and correlations between mood states and various physiological stress markers after a 7-week preseason period among elite female soccer players. Twenty-four elite female soccer players participated in this study (26.4 6 3.7 years). Their internal training load, mood states, day and evening salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations, blood creatine kinase concentration (CK), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed during the first week of preseason (PRE), and again 7 weeks after a systematic training period (END). After the preseason, there were significant increases in subject negative mood scales (p # 0.03; Effect Size [ES] . 0.60), total mood scores (p 5 0.01; QI 5 100/0/0; ES 5 1.32), day and evening testosterone and cortisol concentrations (p # 0.03; ES . 0.54), and CK concentrations (p 5 0.01; QI 5 100/0/0; ES 5 1.54). Correlations were found between cortisol and tension (r 5 0.53 and 0.60; p # 0.02), cortisol and confusion (r 5 0.75; p 5 0.01), and cortisol and the LF/HF index of HRV (r 5 20.52; p 5 0.04). Mood states (except vigor), salivary testosterone, and cortisol concentrations, as well as CK, showed significant changes after a 7-week systematic training system. The cortisol was the factor most highly related to various mood states (including tension and confusion), and with the HRV indices. Coaches and researchers can use these data to design, monitor, and control soccer training programs, in particular throughout the preseason period.
Objective:to compare the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and death after cardiac arrest, with and without the use of a metronome during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Method:case-control study nested in a cohort study including 285 adults who experienced cardiac arrest and received CPR in an emergency service. Data were collected using In-hospital Utstein Style. The control group (n=60) was selected by matching patients considering their neurological condition before cardiac arrest, the immediate cause, initial arrest rhythm, whether epinephrine was used, and the duration of CPR. The case group (n=51) received conventional CPR guided by a metronome set at 110 beats/min. Chi-square and likelihood ratio were used to compare ROSC rates considering p≤0.05. Results:ROSC occurred in 57.7% of the cases, though 92.8% of these patients died in the following 24 hours. No statistically significant difference was found between groups in regard to ROSC (p=0.2017) or the occurrence of death (p=0.8112). Conclusion:the outcomes of patients after cardiac arrest with and without the use of a metronome during CPR were similar and no differences were found between groups in regard to survival rates and ROSC.
RESUMO O objectivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o comportamento da força muscular e a participação dos indicadores de hipertrofia, nos ganhos de força após 32 semanas de treinamento com pesos (TP), prescrito por zona alvo de repetições máximas, em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Participaram desta pesquisa 14 mulheres saudáveis e não ativas fisicamente. O TP teve frequência semanal de três vezes, em dias alternados. A composição corporal foi mensurada pela técnica das dobras cutâneas. Os indicadores de hipertrofia foram representados pela massa magra total e regional: área muscular do braço (AMB) e coxa (AMC). A força muscular foi avaliada pelo teste de uma repetição máxima nos exercícios leg press horizontal e rosca direta. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste de Friedman. Os resultados mostraram que a força muscular apresentou aumentos graduais e significantes durante a intervenção, que houve aumento da AMB e não houve diferença nos valores de AMC. A rosca direta mostrou forte associação com a AMB durante todos os momentos do estudo. Já o leg press pareceu estar mais efetivamente associado ao componente neural de ganhos de força, visto que a AMC não apresentou modificações significantes. Após 32 semanas de TP a força muscular aumentou significantemente, independentemente dos ganhos de massa magra.
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