In selected cases, laparoscopic tubal reversal can be offered to patients who had been submitted to tubal sterilization and desire new pregnancies. Patient selection as well as meticulous surgical technique are key factors in achieving satisfactory pregnancy rates.
The aim of this paper was to discuss the embryological aspects of Müllerian duct anomalies and to analyze the current diagnostic methods and therapy.Müllerian anomalies are congenital defects of the female reproductive tract resulting from failure in the development of the Müllerian ducts and their associated structures. Their cause has yet to be fully clarified, and it is currently believed to be multifactorial. Symptoms appear principally during adolescence or early adulthood, and affect the reproductive capacity of these women. When clinically suspected, investigations leading to diagnosis include imaging methods such as hysterosalpingography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance. The classification of these malformations relates to their embryogenesis, and defines the therapy and prognosis. Müllerian anomalies consist of a wide range of defects that may vary from patient to patient.Therefore, their management must also be individual, taking anatomical and clinical characteristics into consideration, as well as the patient's wishes. RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir as malformações müllerianas desde seus aspectos embriológicos, analisando os atuais métodos diagnóstico e terapêuticos. As malformações müllerianas são anomalias congênitas do trato reprodutivo feminino decorrentes de falha do desenvolvimento dos ductos de Müller e estruturas associadas. Sua causa não foi completamente elucidada, acreditando-se, atualmente, que seja multifatorial. Os sintomas se manifestam, principalmente, durante a adolescência e início da vida adulta, e afetam a capacidade reprodutiva dessas mulheres. A partir da suspeita clínica, a investigação diagnóstica inclui métodos de imagem, como a histerosalpingografia, ultrassonografia e ressonância magnética. A classificação das malformações está relacionada à sua embriogênese e direciona a terapêutica e prognóstico. As malformações müllerianas são um grupo amplo de anomalias que variam de paciente para paciente. Portanto, sua abordagem também é individual, devendo-se considerar os aspectos anatômicos, clínicos e o desejo da paciente.
SummaryWe present the case of a 19-year-old nulligravida woman with severe dysmenorrhea since menarche; she was found to have a longitudinal vaginal septum, cervical duplication and two endometrial cavities, separated by a complete septum. Diagnosis and management of this unusual Müllerian anomaly are discussed in the context of a literature review.
Objective: to describe the initial results of a laparoscopic single port access hysterectomy and also to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this access. Methods: a prospective study was performed at a tertiary university medical center (Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo) between March 2013 and June 2014. A total of 20 women, referred for hysterectomy due to benign uterine disease, were included in the study after they had signed an informed consent. Outcome measures, including operating time, blood loss, rate of complications, febrile morbidity, visual analogical pain score and length of hospital stay were registered. Results: mean patient age and body mass index (BMI) were 47.8 years and 27.15 kg/m 2 , respectively. Mean operating time was 165.5 min. Blood loss was minimal, with no blood transfusion. All procedures but one were successfully performed via a single incision and no post-operative complications occurred. We experienced one conversion to multiport laparoscopic hysterectomy due to extensive pelvic adhesions. There was no conversion to "open" total abdominal hysterectomy. None of the patients required narcotics or NSAD post-operatively. Conclusion: single-port hysterectomy is a feasible and safe technique, with no major complications.
Objetivos: avaliar as taxas de gravidez após realização de reversão laparoscópica de obstrução tubária por laqueadura prévia. Métodos: entre dezembro de 1998 e dezembro de 2001, realizamos estudo prospectivo no qual foram incluídas 26 pacientes previamente submetidas a esterilização tubária. As pacientes tinham idades entre 28 e 37 anos e a reanastomose foi efetuada por via laparoscópica. O período de seguimento variou entre 150 e 425 dias e as taxas de permeabilidade tubária (estudada por meio da histerossalpingografia) e as taxas de gestação foram avaliadas. Resultados: a reversão laparoscópica pôde ser realizada em 23 pacientes, sendo bilateral em 21. Duas pacientes apresentavam uma tuba extremamente danificada e três haviam sido submetidas a fimbriectomia bilateral. O tempo cirúrgico variou de 95 a 155 minutos e a alta hospitalar ocorreu na manhã seguinte em todos os casos. Constatou-se permeabilidade tubária em 15 pacientes (15/23) e a taxa de gestação foi 56,5% (13/23), sem gestações ectópicas. O intervalo entre a interrupção do uso do condom e a gravidez foi de até quatro meses em nove pacientes e de até 10 meses em quatro pacientes. Conclusão: em casos selecionados, a reversão tubária videolaparoscópica pode ser oferecida à pacientes laqueadas que desejam novas gestações. A seleção adequada das pacientes, assim como técnica cirúrgica meticulosa, são os fatores-chave para atingir taxas de gestação satisfatórias.
A prospective randomized study of the inflammatory responses to multiport and singleport laparoscopic hysterectomies 1 AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the inflammatory responses induced by laparoscopic hysterectomies with multiport and singleport approaches.Methods: This was a pilot prospective randomized study that included 42 women candidates for hysterectomy at School of Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas, USP. The patients were randomized to two groups: MP-TLH (total laparoscopic hysterectomy with 3 abdominal incisions), and SP-TLH (total laparoscopic hysterectomy with a single umbilical incision). We evaluated the inflammatory response (via CRP, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, VEGF and leukogram assessments), surgical time, postoperative pain, blood loss and surgical complications in both groups. Results: Both techniques were similar regarding C-reactive protein (p=.666), IL-6 (p=.833), IL-10 (p=.420), TNF-α(p=.098), VEGF (p=.092) and the leukogram (p=.712) measures. The operative time was significantly longer in the SP-TLH group than in the MP-TLH group (p=.001). The pain evaluation was similar in both groups (p=.170). Hemoglobin variation and the aspirated blood volume were similar in both groups (p=.493 and p=.347). There were no major complications. Conclusions: Multiport and singleport laparoscopic approaches are both safe methods for hysterectomy. Although SP-TLH resulted in a significantly longer operative time than MP-TLH, no differences were observed between the groups in inflammatory responses, blood loss and postoperative pain.
Cada segmento do tubo digestivo tem um padrão próprio de motilidade e toda atividade motora resulta fundamentalmente das propriedades elétricas do músculo liso. Em sua atividade motora o duodeno apresenta funções de mistura e progressão, como também participa do controle do esvaziamento gástrico. Os movimentos do complexo antro-piloro-bulbar são considerados ponto de partida para o peristaltismo intestinal, inclusive com movimentos reversos, sendo que encontramos normalmente uma diminuição progressiva da freqüência das ondas do duodeno ao íleo terminal. Considerando que o duodeno tem características embriológicas, anatômicas, histológicas e bioquímicas que o destacam na fisiologia digestiva, interessou-nos o comportamento motor do segmento duodenal pré e pós-papilar sob estímulo farmacológico. Na realização do trabalho foram utilizados dez ratos albinos dos quais foram retirados os segmentos duodenais pré e pós-papilar. Estes foram divididos em: grupos I e II, pré e pós-papilar, respectivamente. Em cada segmento foram obtidos as diferenças porcentuais (D%) do número de ondas e da amplitude máxima no movimento espontâneo e sob estimulo farmacológico do cálcio, potássio, acetilcolina e nor-adrenalina. Foram analisados segundo a ação das drogas dentro de cada grupo e, também, analisadas a ação de cada droga, comparadas entre os grupos. Os resultados mostraram diferenças no delta % do número de ondas sob estímulo farmacológico quando comparados ao movimento espontâneo. Na amplitude máxima, porém, não houve diferença significante. Nas condições de realização do trabalho, pode-se concluir então, que o comportamento motor sob estímulo farmacológico do segmento duodenal pré-papilar isolado de rato é diferente do pós-papilar.
Each section of the gastrointestinal tract has its own pattern of motility and the whole motor activity results specially from the electric properties of the smooth muscle. In its motor activity the duodenum shows functions of mixture and progression as well as it takes part in the gastric emptying control. The movements of the antrum-pylorus-bulbar are considered a starting point for the intestinal peristaltic movement, including the reverse movements. A progressive decrease of the frequency of the waves of the duodenum is usually found at the terminal ileum. Considering that the duodenum has anatomical, embryological, biochemical and histological characteristics that are distinguished in the digestive physiology, we became interested in the motor reaction of the pre and post papillary section under the pharmacological stimulus. Ten albino rats were used to execute the experiment which was divided in groups I e II, pre and post papillary, respectively. In each section were obtained percentual differences (delta%) of the number of the waves and the maximum amplitude. The groups were analyzed according to the action of the drugs in the group itself as well as the action of each drug compared between these groups. The results showed differences in the (delta%) of the numbe...
LISTA DE GRÁFICOS Gráfico 1 Perfil médio da hemoglobina (g/dl) dos grupos HLM HLU ao longo dos momentos de avaliação.
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