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Turning from everyday ideas about society to the level of theoretical understanding, we decide how to transform the structures forming society from pure abstractions into human experience. The key factor is individuation. The doctrine of individuation developed by K.G. Jung requires refinement, taking into account Gadamer's ideas about changes in the nature of discourse that occurred in Christianity, when the liberation of language from the ideality of meaning allowed the word to become a pure event. M.K. Mamardashvili shows how the art of verbal construction can become a way of the existence of truth and its embodiment in reality. The book is no longer an object or a thing. It is a spiritual tool manifesting structural properties of society, properties forming the social system.
the subject of the study includes the methods of philosophical-historical knowledge developed in the works of N.A. Berdyaev, as well as his contemporaries, German thinkers W. Dilthey, E. Troeltsch and H.G. Gadamer. The author is not limited to a comparative analysis of the above methodsthey become complementary elements of the method of this study. The essence of this method, which in this case can be seen as a result of the study, is that in order to penetrate the mystery of "historical", we shall first of all; understand the history as our own to its depth, as our history and destiny. The life experience of the cognizing subject is not just a means; it always constitutes the initial prerequisite for the interpretation of past events. Thus, the creature of a historical phenomenon can open itself only when we understand the history as something that is still happening, and moreover, which is happening with us. Such an approach makes it possible to present the relations of the two leading lines of philosophical-historical knowledge-Russian and Germanin the form of a relevant dialogue, which constitutes a relative novelty of the study. At the same time, the problem of forming the common one is transferred from the field of theoreticalmethodological, to the practical, existential, ontological field, thus contributing to going beyond the current consideration of the issue of modern, rather difficult relations between Russia and the West, which is the practical importance of the study.
The research subject is those methods of reading a literary or philosophical text that Mamardashvili proposes. When we perceive the content of some fragments of the readable text as something to our own depth, we enter the path of interpretations, at the same time turning from a simple consumer of literature into its co-author. Then the book transforms into a kind of spiritual instrument, using which we can "unwind" impressions incomprehensible at first glance, and this, in turn, allows us to get out of the darkness of our perceptions, our life and own "I", makes it possible to reveal our true " I ", "to reunite," as Mamardashvili says, "with the non-verbal root of our irreplaceable personal vision, through which only we grow into real being and unity with other people." The basic methodological principle of the paper is to follow the path of creating a text that Mamardashvili speaks of, and which we have tried to present in the research. Scientific novelty includes an attempt to determine the place and role of the textological concept of Mamardashvili in the problem field of Russian philosophy of the 19-20th centuries. Passing through the points of inner freedom achieved when interpreting at first glance unclear impressions, and connecting them, the authors of great works seem to draw the path of their life, or the line of their individual history.
Switching from trivial representations on society to the level of its theoretical comprehension, we inevitably face the question how to translate the structures that form society from pure abstractions into people’s living experience. This described problem is the key topic of this research. Teaching on individuation of the leading theoretician in this area C. R. Jung requires additional refinement taking into account remarks made by H. G. Gadamer regarding changes in the character of discourse that unfolded in Christianity. M. K. Mamardashvili demonstrates in his lectures how the verbal art may become the means of existing of truth and its realization. We not only describe, but simultaneously apply individuation as something that becomes a methodological key to comprehension of modern society. At the same time, it is necessary to shift reasoning on the concept of “individuation” from psychological plan to a broader ontological plan. The novelty of this research consists in individuation being the key factor in solution of the aforementioned problem. The main conclusion is that individuation can be the method for the development of forms of activity, cognition and reasoning, which ensuring the co-existence of a subject with other subjects and systems do not erase, but rather identify and produce the forms of its distinctness. The active development of existence by people becomes equally comparable with the standards of habitual experience and everyday perceptions. This can restore the logic of common sense, and thus, the reliable structures of practice.
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