Despite the fact that the response of tropical hydroclimate to North Atlantic cooling events during the Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) has been extensively studied in African, South American and Indonesia, the nature of such responses remains debated. Here we investigate the tropical hydroclimate pattern over the Indo-Asian-Australian monsoon region during the HS1 by integrating hydroclimatic records, and examining a δ18Oseawater record from Globigerinoides ruber (white) in the tropical Indian Ocean. Our findings indicate that tropical hydrological conditions were synchronously arid in both hemispheres during the early HS1 (~18.3-16.3 ka) in the Indo-Asian-Australian monsoon region, except for a narrow, wet hydrological belt in northern low latitudes, suggesting the existence of a contracted tropical precipitation belt at that time. This study reveals that the meltwater discharge and resulting changes in global temperatures and El Niño exerted a profound influence on the tropical hydroclimate in the Indo-Asian-Australian monsoon region during the early HS1.
In order to solve the problems of the existing standard Brinell hardness machine such as low automation, the time-consuming indentation measurement and the human influence in indentation measurement, a calibration machine for reference block was designed. It shows that this machine can reduce the influence of the temperature difference between the hardness block and the measurement platform; it eliminates the time for the indentation measuring system to find the indentation and juxtapose it with the centre of the field of view and implements fully Brinell hardness automatic calibration.
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