The effects of exercise on cognitive abilities have been studied. However, evidence regarding the neural substrates of sad emotion regulation is limited. Women have higher rates for affective disorders than men, but insufficient outcomes assess how aerobic exercises modulate central frontal activation in sad emotion inhibition and resilience among healthy women. This study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise-related brain activity on sad emotion inhibition processing in young women. Sad facial Go/No-Go and neutral Go/No-Go trials were conducted among 30 healthy young women to examine the changes in the N2 component, which reflects frontal inhibition responses, between pre-exercise and post-exercise periods. The first test was performed before aerobic exercise (baseline; 1st) and the second test was performed during an absolute rest period of 90 min after exercise. The sad No-Go stimuli that evoked N200 (N2) event-related potential were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that in the sad No-Go trials, N2 activation at the central-prefrontal cortex was significantly attenuated after exercise compared to the baseline N2 activation. Exercise-modulated N2 activation was not observed in the neutral No-Go trials. The behavioral error rates of sad No-Go trials did not differ between the two experiments. A reduced engagement of central-frontal activation to sad No-Go stimuli was shown after exercise. However, behavioral performance was consistent between the two measurements. The findings scope the benefits of the aerobic exercise on the neural efficiency in responding to sad emotion-eliciting cues as well as adaptive transitions reinstatement for regulatory capabilities in healthy young women.
Background The perimenopausal period is associated with a higher risk of various mood disorders. Similarly, although resting-state electroencephalogram (rsEEG) brain oscillatory activity has been associated with various neuropsychological disorders and behaviours, these issues have not been assessed in perimenopausal women. This study aimed to evaluate quantitative relationships between psychometric properties and rsEEG rhythms (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma powers) in perimenopausal women. Methods A cross-sectional correlational descriptive study was conducted to quantitatively analyze the correlations between rsEEG low-to-high band activities (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma powers) and psychometric properties in 14 perimenopausal women. Participants completed a psychological inventory comprising the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), Depression Inventory (DI), Behavioural Inhibition Scale (BIS) and short-form UPPS Impulsive Behaviour Scale (IS) before EEG recording. Results Results showed that impulsivity was positively related to the beta power, symmetrical at most channels (frontal, temporal, central, parietal and occipital regions; p < .05); but did not related to the delta, theta, alpha and gamma powers. The brainwave low-to-high bands, delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma power were not associated with DI, SAI or BIS scores. Conclusions This study’s findings propose that significantly enhanced resting-state beta activity is a trait of impulsivity in perimenopausal women. Therefore, results have potential implications for the preclinical or clinical evaluation of these issues in perimenopausal women.
Background The climacteric phase of menopausal transition (perimenopause) is marked by reproductive hormone fluctuations and reduced cognitive capacity. Exercise enhances neurocognitive performance. However, auditory perceptual sensitivity has not been examined. Purpose This study aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on the response speed (reaction time) and error rate during auditory processing among perimenopausal women. Methods Three pitches (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) were used during a simple auditory discrimination task, which was performed before and after exercise. We included 14 perimenopausal women and 17 right-handed young women (aged 46-54 years and 18-22 years, respectively). To achieve similar exercise intensity in both groups, we proposed two types of physical activities for each group. Mixed models statistics were used to analyze the reaction time and error rate before and after training in the two groups. Results Perimenopausal women exhibited a significantly longer reaction time than young women during the baseline auditory discrimination task (p< 0.05) but not during the second test. The error rate decreased significantly after exercise among perimenopausal women (p < 0.05) but not among young women. Thus, exercise had a stronger beneficial influence on auditory plasticity or sensitivity for perimenopausal women than for young women. Conclusion The ability of aerobic exercise to modulate auditory neurocognitive performance differs between the two groups. Aerobic exercise improves auditory discrimination performance specifically for perimenopausal women. These results provide preliminary evidence concerning the acoustic features of middle-aged women, underscoring the importance of exercise for preventing decline in auditory cognitive function in perimenopausal women.
Background: The perimenopausal period is associated with higher risk for various mood disorders. Resting-state EEG (rsEEG) brain oscillatory activity has been associated with various neuropsychological disorders and behaviors but has not been assessed in perimenopausal women. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate quantitative relationships between psychometric properties and rsEEG rhythms (δ, θ, α, and γ powers) in perimenopausal women. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational descriptive study was conducted to quantitatively analyze the correlations among rsEEG low to high band activity (δ, θ, α, and γ powers) and psychometric properties for 14 perimenopausal women. Participants completed a psychological inventory comprised of a State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), Depression Inventory (DI), Behavioral Inhibition Scale (BIS), and short-form UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (IS) before EEG recording. Results: Results showed that impulsivity was positively related to the β power, symmetrical at most channels (frontal, temporal, central, parietal, and occipital regions; p <.05), but did not relate to the δ, θ, α, and γ powers. The brainwave low to high bands, δ, θ, α, β, and γ power, were not associated with DI, SAI, or BIS scores. Conclusions: This study’s findings suggest that significantly enhanced resting-state beta activity is a trait marker of impulsivity in perimenopausal women. This finding has potential implications for preclinical or clinical evaluation of perimenopausal women.
This aim of the mini-review paper is to introduction the bio-physiologic measures of resting state EEG for nursing scientist. Article specifically addresses the emotional domain as clarified by concepts of brain evidence-based nursing research reviewed that the emotion aspect documented a strong link to frontal brain alpha activities asymmetry. Extensive nursing research has been performed in emotional, behavioral, and/or psychological matters for healthy and unhealthy populations. Evidence-based nursing can transform the way that data is used to improve health and healthcare. One core role of nursing practice is to promote healthy behaviors. Previous researches have shown out that the brain is the main ambassador of behavioral change. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an efficient tool to study brain-behavior relations. Evidences show that frontal alpha asymmetry is an important marker suggests that EEG is beneficial for assessment emotional capacities and appraises nursing efficiency. The basic resting alpha frontal asymmetry provides a reliable instrument in conducting nursing researches in order to strengthen the quality of nursing. Furthermore, we provide a viewpoint to show progress in the novel research issue probably for clinical applications. To integrate biological measures in order to gain highly accurate and precise advantages of EEG and beneficial assessment of the emotional capacities are suggested. Nursing promotes healthy behaviors including emotional health. Human behavior changes originate in the brain. EEG enables objective and biological insights into the cognitive process. As a foundation, the neuroscience research requires profound knowledge and tools to analyze bio-physiological data. Creating Cross-disciplinary cooperation must be inevitable alliances to advance nursing research.
The effects of estrogen on anxiety-like behaviors results are controversial. Menstrual cycle phase modulates anxiety-related neural function in women have not been sufficiently investigated. The neural base of anxiety possible incongruent across menstrual cycle was investigated in the current study. We studied the neural correlates of anxiety across menstrual cycle approach from cortical evoked magnetic field (MEF) activity under threaten cue stimulus by sLORETA in 14 healthy women. Evaluations included comparisons of the time-course, early vs. late processing (EP: 1-250ms; LP: 251-500ms after stimulus onset) during the menstrual (MC) and peri-ovulatory (OV) phases (MC vs. OV), using dynamic spatio-temporal analysis. Healthy women exhibited dissimilar anxiety-associated patterns of fear neuronal circuitry across menstrual cycle. Analyses revealed significant interaction of the time-course (EP vs. LP) and menstrual cycle phase (MC vs. OV) in the highest anxiety-associated regions. Inversely relation of the anxiety state and insular activation was revealed in the MC vs. OV phase. Results indicated that women can use different attention/cognitive resources in response to fear event across the menstrual cycle. This study presents the first evidence that menstrual cycle phase can modulates anxiety-related neural activation in women. Inconsistent anxiety subtypes may occur at different menstrual cycle. These features are an important consideration in understanding the effect of the menstrual cycle on the neural substrates of anxiety, and provide a potential contribute in pathophysiological or therapeutic implications for menstrual cycle-sensitive psychiatric conditions.
Background: Dysmenorrhea is accompanied by abnormal brain metabolism in affective cortical-limbic structures; regions are functionally involved in nociceptive and olfactory processing. The study aims to examine the manifestation of chemical sensitivity changes in women with dysmenorrhea. Methods: A cross-sectional correlation research design was used for this study. Five subsets of odors (lemon, H 2 S, ethyl, acetone, and rose) were tested on 120 women. The visual analogue scale was presented to evaluate the intensity (strong to weak) and hedonic value (pleasant to unpleasant) of each odor. The participants underwent Pain index of dysmenorrhea questionnaire (DQ) and psychophysical assessment after performing olfactory tests. Results: (1) An increased unpleasantness rating of the H 2 S odorant was associated with the degree of dysmenorrhea. DQ-severity score was the statistical significance of the predictor variable on H 2 S odorant perception alteration (P =.006), after controlling the collinear variables from regression. (2) Lemon, acetone, and ethyl odorant as positive hedonic values recognized were not significantly related to the DQ pain scores. (3) Additionally, decreased perception of the intensity of the rose odorant was related to rising dysmenorrheal frequency level. (P =.015). (4) Women with higher DQ score were positively related to psychological distress such as anxiety, depression and stress level. Conclusions: Findings disclosed that significantly raised the unpleasantness level of odorant H 2 S, and weakening the intensity value of the pleasantness rose odorant relates to women with severe dysmenorrhea symptoms. The neurobiological bases of olfactory sensitivity changes refer to olfactory-limbic system disturbances and appropriate management of menstrual cramps were discussed.
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