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Secure communication is of great importance in the modern world. Many methods, techniques, and systems are used for secure communication, many of which cannot be used in applications due to various reasons. Optical methods have been developed for secure communication in the last 25 years. In this study, optical encryption methods are examined in three sections. In the first section, single image optical encryption techniques are analyzed, while in the second section, multiple-image optical encryption techniques are examined. In the last section, standard test techniques for security are examined. The main single image optical encryption techniques are double random phase encoding (DRPE), DRPE and photon counting, phase truncated Fourier transform-based asymmetric optical encryption, diffractive imaging-based optical encryption, interference-based image encryption, and ghost imaging-based optical encryption. The main techniques of multiple-image optical encryption are wavelength multiplexing-based multiple-image encryption, position multiplexing-based multiple-image encryption, phase retrieval-based multiple-image encryption, 4-f correlation-based image encryption, and compressive sensing-based multiple-image encryption. These methods have been analyzed in detail and their advantages, disadvantages, and MATLAB application codes are given in the .

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