Amaç: Lokal ileri rektum kanserlerinde tedavinin temelini cerrahi oluştuşturmakla beraber neoadjuvan kemoradyoterapi (KRT) ile lokal ileri rektum kanserlerinde tümör boyutunda küçülmeye bağlı küratif rezeksiyon ve sfinkter koruyucu cerrahi yapılabilirliğinin arttığı bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, neoadjuvan KRT aldıktan sonra cerrahi tedavi yapılan hastalarda rekürrens, hastalıksız /hastalıklı sağkalım ve buna etki eden faktörlerin araştırılmasıdır. Sonuç: Hiperfraksiyone RT mezorektumun sınırlarını sterilize eder ve tümör hücre kalıntılarının gelişmesini engeller. Bu durum lokal nüks ihtimalini azaltır ve muhtemelen tümör hücrelerinin uzak organlara giderek metastaz yapmasını da engellemiş olur. Neoadjuvan KRT sonrası yapılacak ideal ameliyat tekniği Total mezorektal eksizyon' dur. Cevaplanması gereken önemli soru ise KRT sonrası ideal ameliyat zamanlamasının ne olduğudurÇalışmamızda olgu sayısının az olması ve takip süresinin kısa olması nedeni ile uzun dönem neoadjuvan kemoradyoterapi uygulanan lokal ileri rektum kanserli hastalarda nüks, sağkalım/ hastalıksız sağkalımın uzun dönem takip sonuçlarının anlaşılması için başka çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Objective: Although surgery comprises the basis for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, the feasibility of curative resection and sphincter-sparing surgery depending on the reduction in tumour size has been reported to increase with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate recurrence, survival with disease/disease-free survival and factors affecting them in patients who underwent surgery after receiving neoadjuvant CRT. Method: The files of 79 patients aged older than 18 years who were diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer and underwent surgery after receiving neoadjuvant CRT between January 2007 and May 2012 were retrospectively analysed in terms of demographics and clinical, radiological and pathological data. Results: A total of 79 patients, among whom 27 (34.2%) were females and 52 (65.8%) were males, were included in the study, and the mean age was 60.82±5 years. The complete regression rate after neoadjuvant CRT was 15.18%. The average follow-up period of the patients was 26 months (range: 3-59 months). During the follow up, tumour recurrence was detected in 28 (35.44%) patients, among whom 12 had local recurrence and 17 had systemic recurrence; the survival rate of the patients was 83.54%. The disease-free survival rate was 72.15%. In most of the patients, stage regression and the reduction of tumour size were achieved. Conclusion: In summary, hyperfractionated radiotherapy sterilises the margins of the mesorectum and prevents the development of tumour cell remnants, thus reducing the likelihood of local recurrence and preventing tumour cells from metastasising to remote organs. The ideal surgical technique after neoadjuvant CRT is total mesorectal excision. The important question is the optimum time for surgery after CRT. Thus, further studi...
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