Alors que l’économie circulaire (EC) comme nouveau paradigme économique et sociétal émerge, la place du secteur agricole dans les initiatives d’accroissement de la circularité dans les territoires est questionnée. Ce questionnement est d’autant plus pertinent dans un contexte insulaire comme celui de La Réunion, où les enjeux d’autonomie alimentaire et énergétique sont majeurs. De 2017 à 2020, un projet de Recherche et Développement intitulé GABiR (Gestion Agricole des Biomasses sur l’île de La Réunion) a mobilisé des acteurs issus du Développement, de la Formation et de la Recherche, dont de nombreux agronomes de diverses disciplines, mais également des décideurs politiques. Ce projet visait à renforcer l’inclusion du secteur agricole dans l’EC de l’île par une approche territoriale de la gestion des biomasses, valorisées ou valorisables en agriculture. Fort de cette expérience et des acquis du projet, un cadre méthodologique à visée générique relevant d’une démarche clinique à l’échelle territoriale et visant à accompagner la transition vers une EC incluant le secteur agricole est proposé. Mots clés : Bioéconomie circulaire, Approche territoriale, Île de La Réunion, Démarche Clinique
Abstract:This paper presents a model to represent situated action in farming systems. The basic idea is to invert the classical vision of action that stipulates that action is a consequence of a decision process and a plan. We consider action as mainly dictated by a situation created by the interaction of the actor and his/her environment. Hence, action is a process that emerges from this situation. Thus, in this paper we treat the question of how to model action as an emergence process from the situations created by actors and their environment? For this, our model is based on multiagent system as well as on the affordance, emergence and stigmergy concepts (this paper emphasizes mainly the first two).
International audienceDecision-makers who wish to manage Insular Tropical Environ- ments more efficiently need to narrow the gap between the production of scientific knowledge in universities, or other labs, and its pragmatic use by the general public and administrations. Today, one of the main challenges concerning the environment is the preservation of the biodiversity of ecosys- tems that suffer from urban and agricultural pressure. As we can only protect what we know, it is all the more important to share expert knowledge about habitats and species by using Internet in order to educate the public about their wealth and beauty. Based on Reunion Island, and taking into consider- ation an expected population growth of over 30% in the next twenty years, we are working to predict the human impact on this closed territory. To help tackle these two questions about biodiversity and land consumption, we have designed an Information System (IS) in the framework of the ETIC program. Our aim is to enhance insular tropical environment research in order to help the Reunion National Park to manage its protected territory. On the one hand, biodiversity research is handled statically, using knowledge bases and databases, to enhance Systematics and ecological university research. On the other hand, spatial planning concerns are treated dynamically, using multia- gent systems to simulate population densification movements. These software technologies have been implemented and integrated through a common ar- chitectural system in the ETIC program. They were conceived using Web Services that allow each module to communicate its functionalities and infor- mation with one another, as well as with external systems
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