Objective: To compare aggressiveness of breast cancer in young and old patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: One hundred and fifty women were divided into young (<40 years) and adult (>40 years) group depending upon their age. Women with breast cancer within 20-80 years were enrolled. Modified Radical-Mastectomy specimens as well as lumpectomy having axillary-clearance were sent to pathological laboratory. Biopsies were fixed in formalin in addition to hematoxylin, eosin staining. Data was documented and aggressiveness of breast cancer within both groups was evaluated on the basis of factors as tumor size, tumor type, lymph nodes, metastasis, tumor staging and tumor grading. Results: A significant variance in young and adult cases tumor grade, lymph node involvement and tumor size. The young patients had 12.90% cases of metastasis than old only having 4.5% (p<0.05). Similarly high tumor stage and aggressive tumors were also seen in young patients when compared with old. Conclusion: Young patients with breast cancer are more prone towards aggressive carcinoma than older patients. Keywords: Breast cancer. Metastasis, Tumor grade
Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the major problems requiring gynecological consultation. Biopsy proved to be gold standard for the accurate diagnosis of abnormal bleeding. It is more frequently observed in perimenopausal females. Aim: To determine morphological spectrum of endometrium in patients of pre and post-menopausal age groups with abnormal uterine bleeding. Study Design: Descriptive-cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Histopathology, K. E. Medical University Lahore from 31-07-2018 31-01-2019 Methodology: Three hundred and eighty four patients undergoing diagnostic dilatation and curettage or hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding were included. Their demographic features i-e age and address were noted. The biopsies received in Pathology Department were formalin fixed, after tissue processing and cutting the slides were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and eosin stains. Results: There were 311(80.99%) patients between 25-50 years of age whereas 73(19.01%) between 51-60 years of age. Morphological spectrum of endometrium in patients of pre and post-menopausal age groups with abnormal uterine bleeding shows that 71(18.49%) had proliferative morphology, 58(15.10%) had secretary, 37(9.64%) had simple hyperplasia, 56(14.58%) had complex hyperplasia, 17(4.43%) had atrophic endometrium and 145(37.76%) had other type of morphology (may include mechanical causes such as intrauterine contraceptive device and malignancy). Conclusion: Morphological spectrum of endometrium in patients of pre and postmenopausal age groups with abnormal uterine bleeding shows proliferative morphology as the common morphology followed by secretary, simple hyperplasia, and complex hyperplasia. Key words: Abnormal uterine bleeding, Morphological spectrum of endometrium, Proliferative
Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in female population. Aim: To determine and compare the frequency of aggressiveness of breast cancer in pre and post-menopausal patients. Study design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, K.E. Medical University Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: One hundred and fifty female patients diagnosed with breast cancer to assess the aggressiveness of breast cancer in young - premenopausal patients. Post-Surgical Modified Radical Mastectomy specimens were submitted and evaluated for grade, stage, involved lymph nodes, tumor size and metastasis. Results: Sixty four percent of the tumors were left sided and the invasive ductal carcinoma was the most dominant histologic type (96%). Ninety two patients were premenopausal while 58 were post-menopausal. Nodal positivity in patients less than 40 years was more pronounced (74.2% versus 56.8%, p=0.029). Conclusion: Young premenopausal patients represent high risk group for advanced breast cancer. Key words: Breast Cancer, Young, Premenopausal, Post-menopausal, Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
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