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Background The diabetes mellitus prevalence is still advancing and increasingly becoming one of the globally most severe and expensive chronic illnesses. The strong correlation between diabetes as well as the most prominent reason for diabetes and death in diabetic patients is cardiovascular disorders. Health conditions like dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and other factors of risk like the risk of cardiovascular are frequent in diabetic persons and raise the likelihood of heart attacks. Main text In particular, several researchers have found diabetes mellitus-related biochemical pathways that raise the likelihood of cardiovascular disorder in people with diabetes individually. This review describes diabetes-cardiovascular disorder relationships, explores potential therapeutic mechanisms, addresses existing treatment, care, and describes the directions for the future for study. Conclusion Thus, in individuals with diabetes, it is important to concentrate on cardiovascular threat variables to reduce the illness’s lasting cardiovascular complications. Further work to enhance knowledge of the disease state and its impact on cardiovascular function is required to boost medical treatment and cardiovascular disorders result in people with diabetes.

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In the past few years gene delivery system has gained a huge attention owing to its proved efficacy in several diseases especially in those caused by genetic and/oroncological malfunctioning. The effective gene delivery mainly depends on the carrier molecules that can ensure the safe and specific delivery of the nucleic acidmolecules. Viral vectors have been used for a longer period as the gene transfer vehicle. However, these viral vectors have potential immunological disadvantages that made them less preferred. Recently, non-viral vectors such as polyplexes have emerged as a promising alternative for viral vectors. Polyplexes are formed by conjugating a polymer with DNA and in maximum cases the cationic polymers are preferred over others. The structure and stability of the polyplexes depends on various factors. The ability of the polymer to condense the DNA mainly dictates the efficiency of the polyplex mediated transfection. In this review we are going to provide a framework for the synthesis and design of the polyplexes along with the structure and stability of the complexes pertaining to mechanism of action, characterization and therapeutic application, including polyethyleneimine mediated cytotoxicity as well as newer strategies for the generation of better polyplexes.

Purpose In this paper, vendor selection and order allocation problem is considered for a buyer dealing in multiple products to be supplied by multiple vendors. Each product has an associated lead time with stochastic demand having stochastic capacity for each vendor across entire time period. Uncertainties related to costs which are further influenced by the periodically changing incremental quantity discounts offered by various vendors. The purpose of this paper is to find an optimal trade-off of vendor selection and order allocation in the presence of uncertainties involving multiple conflicting objectives such as cost minimization, service level/quality level maximization and delivery lead time minimization concurrently. Design/methodology/approach Vendor selection problem considered here has a multi-objective optimization design subject to a set of demand, capacity and quantity discount based constraints. These constraints as well as uncertainty related to lead time have been handled using chance constraint approach. The problem is titled as “integrated dynamic vendor selection problem (IDVSP).” The proposed multi-objective IDVSP is solved using both non-pre-emptive goal programming (GP) and weighted sum aggregate objective function (AOF) technique. Findings Findings indicate goal achievement for different objectives from both non-pre-emptive GP and AOF procedure. While the goals are satisfactorily achieved as per the target values for cost and lead time, quality/service level was somewhat compromised in order to find an appropriate trade off. Originality/value The research work is original as it integrates dynamic as well as stochastic (uncertain) nature of supply chain simultaneously coupled with the concept of incremental quantity discounts on lot sizes.

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