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The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intrapocket dental film (CRZHDF) for applications in the treatment of alveolar bone loss in an animal model of periodontitis. The physical characteristics (folding endurance, pH, mucoadhesive strength, risedronate content and release) of CRZHDF, exhibited results within the limit. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates reduced or disappeared crystallinity of risedronate and zinc-hydroxyapatite in presence of chitosan. Further, FTIR studies revealed stability of CRZHDF and compatibility between risedronate, zinc-hydroxyapatite and chitosan. Periodontitis was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide injections around the mandibular first molar. We divided rats into 5 groups (12 rats/group): healthy, untreated periodontitis; periodontitis plus CRZHDF-A, periodontitis plus CRZHDF-B, and periodontitis plus chitosan film. After four weeks, blood samples and mandibles were obtained for biochemical, radiographic and histological analysis. Bone specific alkaline phosphatise activity and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b was statistically lower in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). The expression of osteocalcin was statistically higher in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). Alveolar bone was intact in the healthy group. Local administration of CRZHDF resulted in significant improvements in the mesial and distal periodontal bone support (MPBS and DPBS, respectively) proportions (%), bone mineral density, and also reversed alveolar bone resorption when compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.001). The study reported here reveals that novel CRZHDF treatment effectively reduced alveolar bone destruction and contributes to periodontal healing in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.

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Background:Diabetes induced sexual dysfunction is a leading cause of male sexual disorder and an early indicator of cardiovascular complication. Reactive oxygen species generated in body during diabetes is a main causative factor for erectile dysfunction, a sexual dysfunction. Adjuvant antioxidant therapy along with phosphodiesterases type 5 enzyme inhibitor (PDE5i) is more effective than PDE5i alone.Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate efficacy of ellagic acid a known antioxidant and sildenafil in diabetes induced erectile dysfunction.Materials and Methods:Type 1 diabetes was induced in male rats and rats were treated with ellagic acid (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and a combination of ellagic acid (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and sildenafil (5 mg/kg, p.o.), a PDE5i for 28 days. Sexual function was observed in diabetic rat and compared with those of treatment group and normal rats. Effect of ellagic acid was studied on advanced glycation end products (AGE) and isolated rat corpus cavernosum in vitro.Results:Sexual function of diabetic rats was found to be reduced and ellegic acid treatment could preserve sexual function of diabetic rats to some extent. Ellagic acid + sildenafil treatment was more efficient in management of diabetes induced sexual dysfunction. Ellagic acid inhibited (AGE) in vitro implying its role in reducing oxidative stress in diabetes. The polyphenol could not increase sexual function in normal rats and relax isolated rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle significantly.Conclusion:The study proves usefulness of adjuvant antioxidant therapy in the management of erectile dysfunction in diabetes.

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A superior drug formulation capable of achieving efficient osteogenesis is in imperative demand for the treatment of osteoporosis. In the present study we investigated the potential of using novel risedronate-hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle based formulation in an animal model of established osteoporosis. Nanoparticles of HA loaded with risedronate (NHLR) of various sizes (80-130 nm) were generated for bone targeted drug delivery. Three months after ovariectomy, 36 ovariectomized (OVX) rats were divided into 6 equal groups and treated with various doses of NHLR (500, 350 and 250 microg/kg intravenous single dose) and sodium risedronate (500 microg/kg, intravenous single dose). Untreated OVX and sham OVX served as controls. One month after drug administration, the left tibia and femur were tested for bone mechanical properties and histology, respectively. In the right femur, bone density was measured by method based on Archimedes principle and bone porosity analyses were performed using X-ray imaging. NHLR (250 microg/kg) showed a significant increase in bone density and reduced bone porosity when compared with OVX control. Moreover, NHLR (250 microg/kg) significantly increased bone mechanical properties and bone quality when compared with OVX control. The results strongly suggest that the NHLR, which is a novel nanoparticle based formulation, has a therapeutic advantage over risedronate sodium monotherapy for the treatment of osteoporosis in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.