Background Renal trauma occurs in up to 5% of all trauma cases and accounts for 24% of abdominal solid organ injuries. Renal trauma management has evolved over the past decades, and current management is transitioning toward more conservative approaches for the majority of hemodynamically stable patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the mechanism of injury, management, and outcome in renal trauma. Methods Patients diagnosed with renal trauma in Makassar, Indonesia, from January 2014 to December 2018 were identified retrospectively by the ICD-10 code. Data were collected from medical records. Imaging was classified by radiologists. Variables analyzed included age, sex, mechanism of injury, degree of renal trauma, related organ injury, management, and outcome. Results Out of the 68 patients identified, the average age was 23.9 ± 0.6 years, and most were male (83.8%). Blunt trauma accounted for 89.7% of all cases. The most common renal injuries were grade IV (42.6%), and 14% of the cases had no hematuria. Most patients were treated with non-operative management (NOM). Nephrectomy was performed in 16.2% of cases, and 5.9% of cases underwent renorrhaphy. It was found that 58.8% of cases had isolated renal trauma, and the overall mortality rate (2.9%) was due to related injuries. Conclusions The majority of blunt and penetrating renal trauma cases that are hemodynamically stable have a good outcome when treated with NOM. The presence of injury in other important organs both intra- and extra-abdominally aggravates the patient’s condition and affects the prognosis.

Histopathological changes that are usually permanent in the bowel of Hirschsprung's disease (HRSC) in children make susceptibility to the incidence of enterocolitis even after definitive therapy. The pathophysiology of HRSC is characterized by specific signs, and symptoms. Scoring system has been applied in diagnosis of Hirschsprung's associated enterocolitis (HAEC) due to its simplest and easiest. However, after a decade it has been several evaluated to obtain optimal benefits in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between histopathological grade of enterocolitis and HAEC scores. Children with HRSC who underwent leveling colostomy or pull-through were sampled from the ganglionic segment. Those with a histopathological description of HAEC were included in the study. HAEC scores were evaluated retrospectively through medical records and interviews. Data were analyzed using the Spearman's Rank test. Twenty eight samples were involved in this study. The population was dominated by male (82.1%) and almost half the population (42.9%) were infants. The distribution of the histopathological grade was fairly even, except for grade V where it was only 7.2% of the total sample. Grade I & III samples were 21.4%, while grade II & IV were 25%, respectively. A significant relationship between histopathological grade and HAEC score was obtained (r = 0.927; p<0.0001). In conclusion, there is a relationship between the histopathological grade of enterocolitis and HAEC scores.