This study aims to determine the effect of financial knowledge and financial socialization on the financial satisfaction of the individuals when unexpected life events happen and to examine the mediating role of the financial stressor and financial behavior between them. The data collected from 243 respondents who had experienced any unexpected hospitality in the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Grab sampling method utilized for data collection. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) utilized for data analysis. Results of study reveal that: 1) financial knowledge and financial socialization have positive influence on financial satisfaction; 2) financial knowledge has positive effect on financial satisfaction with the mediating role of the financial stressor and financial behavior when an unexpected life event happens; and 3) financial socialization has positive effect on financial satisfaction with the mediating role of the financial stressor and financial behavior when an unexpected life event happened. This study provides clear insight toward the financial satisfaction of the individuals while confronting the unexpected life events. Practitioners and financial planners use this article for increasing the financial satisfaction of their customers. There is a plethora of researches conducted in different perspective except life events of individuals. This study utilized confirmatory factor analysis, which is necessary when research carried out from a different perspective.
Processing of fossil fuels is the major environmental issue today. Biomass utilization for the production of chemicals presents an alternative to simple energy generation by burning. Lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) is abundant and has been used for variety of purposes. Among them, lignin polymer having phenyl-propanoid subunits linked together either through C-C bonds or ether linkages can produce chemicals. It can be depolymerized by fungi using their enzyme machinery (laccases and peroxidases). Both acetic acid and formic acid production by certain fungi contribute significantly to lignin depolymerization. Fungal natural organic acids production is thought to have many key roles in nature depending upon the type of fungi producing them. Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is beneficial over physiochemical processes. Laccases, copper containing proteins oxidize a broad spectrum of inorganic as well as organic compounds but most specifically phenolic compounds by radical catalyzed mechanism. Similarly, lignin peroxidases (LiP), heme containing proteins perform a vital part in oxidizing a wide variety of aromatic compounds with H2O2. Lignin depolymerization yields value-added compounds, the important ones are aromatics and phenols as well as certain polymers like polyurethane and carbon fibers. Thus, this review will provide a concept that biological modifications of lignin using acidophilic fungi can generate certain value added and environmentally friendly chemicals.
The processing of fossil fuels is the major environmental issue today which should be lessen. Biomass is gaining much interest these days as an alternate to energy generation. Lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) is abundant and has been used for a variety of purposes. Among them, the lignin polymer having phenyl-propanoid subunits linked together through C-C bonds or ether linkages, can produce numerous chemicals. It can be depolymerized by microbial activity together with certain enzymes (laccases and peroxidases). Both acetic acid and formic acid production by certain fungi contribute significantly to lignin depolymerization. Natural organic acids production by fungi has many key roles in nature that are strictly dependent upon organic acid producing fungus type. Fungal enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic is beneficial over other physiochemical processes. Laccases, the copper containing proteins oxidize a broad spectrum of inorganic as well as organic compounds but most specifically phenolic compounds by radical catalyzed mechanism. Similarly, lignin peroxidases (LiP), the heme containing proteins perform a vital part in oxidizing a wide variety of aromatic compounds with H2O2. Lignin depolymerization yields value-added compounds, the important ones are BTX (Benzene, Xylene and Toluene) and phenols as well as certain polymers like polyurethane and carbon fibers. Thus, this review will provide a concept that biological modifications of lignin using acidophilic microbes can generate certain value added and environment friendly chemicals.
Lignocellulosic feedstock (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) has been used for a variety 10 of purposes. Among them, lignin can produce value-added chemicals having phenyl-propanoid 11 subunits known as core lignin, possessing either C-C bonds or ether linkages. It can be 12 depolymerized by microbial activity together with certain enzymes (laccases and peroxidases). 13Both acetic acid and formic acid production by certain fungi contribute significantly to lignin 14 depolymerization. Natural organic acids production by fungi has many key roles in nature that are 15 strictly dependent upon organic acid producing fungus type. Enzymatic conversion of 16 lignocellulosic is beneficial over other physiochemical processes. Laccases, the copper containing 17 proteins oxidize a broad spectrum of inorganic as well as organic compounds but most specifically 18 phenolic compounds by radical catalyzed mechanism. Similarly, lignin peroxidases (LiP), the heme 19 containing proteins perform a vital part in oxidizing a wide variety of aromatic compounds with 20 H2O2. Lignin depolymerization yields polyaromatics, the important ones are BTX (Benzene, Xylene 21 and Toluene), found in several different configurations. However, most modern aromatics 22 complexes enhance the production of p-xylene, benzene and sometimes o-xylene respectively.23 Thus, this review will provide a concept that chemical and biological modifications of lignin yield 24 certain value added and environment friendly chemicals.25
The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the perception of Muslim individuals about Islamic banking and Finance. A structured close-ended questionnaire was adopted to investigate the perception of the 300 Muslim individuals from the different suburbs of Perth. Regression analysis is used to test the impact of Islamic knowledge, financial concepts and service quality on customers’ perception toward Islamic banking. The findings of the study suggest that Religious inclination, understanding of Islamic financial concepts and brand image and quality has a significant impact on the respondent’s perception. In addition, it is found that there is high potential for Islamic banking and finance in Perth sue to increasing Muslim population. These findings can be helpful for Australian Islamic Financial Institutions to target their potential market in Perth.
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