<p><strong>Background:</strong> Candida species are responsible for various clinical manifestations from mucocutaneous overgrowth to blood stream infections especially in immunocompromized situations. Although C. albicans is the most prevalent species, high incidence of non-albicans Candida species with antifungal resistance are emerging which is posing a serious threat to the patients care.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to isolate and identify different species of Candida from different clinical specimens. Methods: A total of 100 different clinical specimens were studied of which 35 were oral swab, 28 were high vaginal swab, 15 were urine, 14 were nail, 04 were bronchoalveolar lavage and peritoneal fluid were 04. Among 100 clinical specimens, Candida isolates were identified in 64 specimens. Isolation of Candida species was done by primary culture in SDA. Subsequent identification of species were performed by germ tube test, subculture in chromogenic agar medium and carbohydrate assimilation test with commonly used twelve sugars.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 64 isolated Candida species, Candida albicans were 51.56% and the non-albicans Candida species were 48.44%. The most prevalent Candida species was C. albicans 33 (51.53%) followed by C. tropicalis 17 (26.56%). C. glabrata 4 (6.25%), C. parapsilosis 4 (6.25%), C. krusei 3 (4.68%) and C. guilliermondii 2 (3.2%). One of the isolated Candida species was unidentified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Though Candida albicans was found as the most common species, but non-albicans Candida species are appearing as emerging pathogens as well. Exposure to chemotherapy appeared to be the commonest predisposing factor for Candida infection followed by indwelling urinary catheter in situ for prolong period.</p>
Rapid identification of Candida isolates to the species level is essential in order to optimize the antifungal treatment. This study aimed to isolate and identify different species of Candida from various clinical specimens and to evaluate the use of chromogenic agar media as primary culture media for culture of Candida as well as for rapid identification of Candida species. A total of 100 different clinical specimens were studied (oral swab 35, high vaginal swab 28, catheterized urine 15, nail 14, bronchoalveolar lavage 04 and peritoneal fluid 04). Isolation of Candida species was done by primary culture in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Subsequent identification of species was performed by germ tube test, carbohydrate assimilation test (with commonly used twelve sugars) and subculture in chromogenic agar medium. Out of 64 isolated Candida, C. albicans 33 (51.53%) was the most predominant Candida species followed by C. tropicalis 17 (26.56%). The species of C. glabrata was 4 (6.25%), C. parapsilosis 4 (6.25%), C. krusei 3 (4.68%) and C. guilliermondii 2 (3.2%). One of the isolated Candida species was unidentified. The sensitivity and specificity of chromogenic agar media for C. albicans were as 96.97% and 96.87% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for C. tropicalis were 94.12% and 97.87% respectively. C. krusei and C. glabrata both showed 100% sensitivity and specificity on chromogenic agar media. Efficacy of chromogenic agar media is nearly similar to carbohydrate assimilation method in species identification of Candida.
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains one of the most common and major complications after renal transplantation. <strong>Objective:</strong> The study was undertaken to get an insight regarding the bacterial pathogen which is responsible for UTI in post renal transplant patients and their risk factors association. Methods: This was an observational study, conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from December 2010 to December 2011. Twenty- one renal transplant recipients were evaluated for UTl after surgery up to six weeks. Microscopic examination and culture of urine were performed in every pre-transplant period, 3rd POD, 7th POD, within six weeks and as per patient's clinical condition. UTI was considered when bacterial count was</p>
Along with the emergence of drug resistant Enterococcal infection, role of various virulence factors in Enterococci is an emerging concept. A number of virulence factors like biofilm formation, hemolysin production, gelatin hydrolysis have important role in the pathogenesis of Enterococci and also associated with antibiotic resistance. The aim of our study was to detect the virulence factors and their encoding genes (asa, gelE, esp, ebpR, hyl gene for biofilm; cylA gene for hemolysis; gelE gene for gelatin hydrolysis) and also observe their association with antimicrobial resistance Enterococci. A total of 87 Enterococci were collected from different clinical samples. Virulence factors were detected phenotypically and antibiotic sensivity were done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Virulence genes were detected by conventional multiplex PCR and only the ebpR gene was detected by single conventional PCR. Majority of the isolated Enterococci were E. faecalis (75%) followed by E. faecium (23%) and (2%) E. raffinosus were also detected. About 52.3% of E. faecalis and 35% of E. faecium isolates were biofilm producers. Significant association was found between biofilm formation and asa, esp, ebpR genes both in E. faecalis and in E. faecium. Hemolysis was observed phenotypically in 30.8% isolates of E. faecalis and 20% isolates of E. faecium. Significant association was observed between cylA gene and hemolysin production in E. faecalis. Antibiotic resistance were higher in biofilm and hemolysin producing isolates of both species. Resistance to some antibiotics including ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin were significantly higher among biofilm and hemolysin producer in E. faecalis.
Pityriasis versicolor is a chronic, superficial fungal infection affecting the superficial layer of a stratum corneum. Malassezia furfur is the major species involved in pityriasis versicolor. Currently many researchers reported increase in the incidence of other species as a causative agent of pityriasis versicolor. Isolation and identification of Malassezia species from suspected Pityriasis versicolor patients was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and immunology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from September 2013 to August 2014. Ninety two clinically diagnosed patients of Pityriasis versicolor were studied and samples from skin lesion were processed for direct microscopy and culture. Species of Malassezia were identified by cultural characteristics in Dixon's agar media by macro and microscopic observation of the colonies and by catalase test, urease test, esculin test and tween assimilation test. A totalof 92 cases 70(70.08%) were positive by direct microscopy and 50(54.34%) were positive by culture. Malassezia globosa was found in 38(76%) cases as the commonest etiological agent and Malassezia furfur was found in 10(20%) cases and Malassezia obtusa in 2 (4%) cases respectively.
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