Background and aim: Learning continually shapes our neuronal circuits to form new memories. Neural plasticity was considered as the principal mechanism for learning many decades ago. Although myelin was considered for a long time as static inert insulator, recent studies showed that myelination is dynamically changed to enhance neuronal activity under neural plasticity umbrella in terms of myelin plasticity, so our study aims to figure out the underlying mechanisms of myelin plasticity associated with learning and memory. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that many mechanisms promote memory consolidation by enhancing myelination and that glial cells have a crucial role in this myelin plasticity effect. Methods: The study was conducted on 24 rats, divided into 3 groups, with 8 rats in each; Group I (control); rats remained in their home cage, Group II (control untrained); rats were allowed to move and explore the maze for equal time but there was no active platform location learning, and Group III (trained); rats were trained using Barnez maze behavior test including three days of acquisition trials (AT), followed by two probe trials (PT). The gene expression analysis for SOX10, MYRF, NRG, EDGF, SERPINE2 and MBP was evaluated by qRT-PCR in hippocampus tissues, in addition, histopathological assessment was done with immunohistochemistry for Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), and Gallyas-Braak Silver staining. Furthermore, Pearson correlation was done comparing all genes with MBP expression. Results and data: The present study showed improved spatial memory with increased myelination in the trained group compared to all other groups (P<0.001), in addition to increase of SOX10, and MYRF expression in the trained group indicating more OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes (P<0.001). NRG and EDGF were highly expressed in the trained group compared to other groups, in addition to the marked increase of number of the neuronal cells with more dendrites formation. SERPINE 2 and GFAP as markers of astrocytes showed high expression in the trained group in comparison with other groups (P<0.001) with strong positive correlation between SEPRINE 2 and MBP (r= 0.76, P=0.02). Conclusion: Myelin plasticity as one of the crucial learning mechanisms, was influenced by different neural and environmental signals. Although role of glial cells was almost apparent in oligodendrocytes differentiation and proliferation, there was a significant role of astrocytes in promoting such myelination effect. There were no external funding sources for this study, it is self-funding This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Background and aim: Kidney stone disease (KSD) is considered one of the serious medical problems, despite recent management methods for kidney stones, there are many undesired consequences, thus recent literatures highlight the great need for natural compounds for safe, effective and affordable management of KSD. So, we aimed in this study to investigate the protective effect of Allium cepa administration against both stone formation process and its kidney injury effect. Hypothesis: Allium cepa administration has a beneficial role against renal stones formation and subsequent renal injury. Methods: 24 adult male albino rats were assigned into 3 groups; group I: control group; group II: received 0.75% ethylene glycol in the drinking water for 4 weeks; and group III received 0.75% EG in the drinking water plus freshly prepared Allium Cepa extract (ACE) 5ml/kg administration using intragastric tube for 4 weeks. The concentrations of creatinine and BUN in serum were measured, and urine analysis was done to assess creatinine clearance, proteinuria and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels. Tissue oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA) were assessed, and kidney expression of SIRT-1, Beclin, LC3, osteopontin, and Regucalcin were measured by RT-qPCR. Histopathological assessment using Semi-thin Toluidine Blue Staining was done and immunohistochemistry for Bax, Beclin-1 and TNF-α markers was performed. Results: There was a significant increase of creatinine clearance value (P<0.05) with low serum creatinine and BUN levels in the ACE received group compared to EG group (P<0.001), in addition to decreased proteinuria and urine KIM levels in the ACE received group compared to EG group (P<0.001). The present study showed less stone formation, damage and apoptosis in the ACE received group compared to EG group (P<0.001). Moreover, the ACE received group showed significant lower expression of osteopontin and autophagy genes, but higher expression of regucalcin and SIRT-1 genes compared to the EG group (P<0.001). Regarding oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, MDA, TNF-α and mast cells filtration were significantly lower and SOD was significantly higher in the ACE received group than their levels in EG group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Alium Cepa extract administration has a significant protective effect against formation of renal stones and a great beneficial effect against renal injury in KSD. There were no external funding sources for this study, it is self-funding This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
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