The concentrations of methyl bromide required to extinguish fuel + air diffusion flames have been determined and its effect on the structure of these flames studied spectroscopically. It was found that the concentration of methyl bromide required in the air to extinguish the flame was of the same order as for the pre-mixed flame, but considerably higher concentrations were required in the fuel. The structure of diffusion flames was drastically altered by the addition of methyl bromide. When added to the air an extra reaction zone forms on the air side in which the methyl bromide reacts, and the quenching of the flame involves an interaction of this extra zone and the main reaction zone. When methyl bromide is added to the fuel, carbon formation is greatly increased, and hydrogen and carbon monoxide flames obtain the appearance of hydrocarbon flames.The effect of methyl bromide and bromine on pre-mixed flames has been described in part 1,1 and its effect on diffusion flames is described in the present paper. Probably the main conclusion which arises from the work described in part 1 is that the action of methyl bromide in pre-mixed flames can be explained in terms of the addition of both inhibitor and additional fuel, and it will be seen that this is also true for diffusion flames. The investigation on diffusion flames consists firstly of a study of the concentrations of methyl bromide required to extinguish diffusion flames, and secondly, a spectrographic investigation. EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL CONCENTRATIONS OF METHYL BROMIDE
While outreach and case management services have been shown to improve retention of at-risk youth in behavioral health treatment, these important support services are challenging to implement. The Hartford Youth Project (HYP), established by the Connecticut Department of Children and Families as a pilot for the state adolescent substance abuse treatment system, made outreach and engagement integral to its system of care. HYPbrought together a network of stakeholders: referral sources (juvenile justice, schools, community agencies, child welfare, and families); community-based outreach agencies; treatment providers; and an administrative service organization responsible for project coordination. Culturally competent Engagement Specialists located in community agencies were responsible for: cultivation of referral sources; community outreach; screening and assessment; engagement of youth and families in treatment; case management; service planning; recovery support; and advocacy. This article describes HYP's approach to identifying and engaging youth in treatment, as well as its challenges. Use of family-based treatment models, expectations of referral sources, limited service capacity, youth and family problems, and staff turnover were all factors that affected the outreach and engagement process. Process, baseline assessment and case study data are used to describe the needs and issues specific to Hartford's substance-abusing Latino and African-American youth.
The influence of methyl bromide and bromine on pre-mixed flames has been investigated. In contrast to the dilution effect of inert gases these compounds act as chemical inhibitors. The most significant change in pre-mixed flames on adding methyl bromide or bromine is that the limit temperature is raised. Limits of inflammability cannot be described by Le Chateliers' rule. The action of methyl bromide on flames can be interpreted in terms of the addition of equivalent amounts of fuel and bromine.Halogenated hydrocarbons such as methyl bromide and chlorobromethane are used extensively in fire extinguishers. It is commonly held that their action on the flame is chemical rather than physical, but how they change the combustion mechanism is not known. Some basic work on the subject is described in the literature, for example, Burgoyne and Williams-Leir 1 have studied the effect of methyl bromide, and Coleman 2 . 3 the effect of a number of similar compounds, * This conclusion has also been reached independently by Burdon, Burgoyne and Weinberg in a paper given at the 5th Symposium on Combustion, Pittsburg, September, 1954-
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