Studies of species of the Cucurbitaceae family allowed the isolation of several compounds with potential therapeutic. Melothria fluminensis Gardner, belonging to this family is an herbaceous climbing vine popularly known in Brazil as pepininho-do-mato, a no endemic species distributed biomes: Brazilian Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Amazon, but there are few studies with Melothria fluminensis. The present article intends to show the initial results obtained in relation to the phytochemical prospection and the biological potential against brine shrimp (Leach) and antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) discoloration spectrometric method, extracts of the leaf and of the stem. Phytochemical screening on the leaves and stem of M. fluminensis indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids and steroids and glycosylated triterpenes. The extracts and fractions that stood out for toxicity of brine shrimp (Leach) were the ethyl acetate fraction of the crude ethanolic extract of Folha (EBES / F-ACOET) and the crude ethanolic leaf extract with LC50 of 423.05 and 442 mg / L respectively. The fraction that stood out for the antioxidant activity was the EBES-AcOET of the stem with IC 50 of 97.5 mg / L.
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