This paper explores an approach to understanding the optimum model of state-religious relations in secular multi-confessional countries, which is one of the most relevant issues of today. The purpose of the paper is to identify the features of a cooperative model of state-religious relations in Russia and India. The study is based on the comparative approach. Having analyzed the legal framework and the practice of implementing this model in Russia and India, we came to the conclusion that, despite the constitutional principles of the secular state and the equality of religious associations in the countries under study, certain elements of state religious preferences exist, however, they fall within the specified model. We believe, the information contained in the article will enable to better understand the causes of inter-confessional tensions and assist in finding ways to prevent conflicts involving religious communities not only in Russia and India, but also in other multi-confessional countries.
В статье рассматриваются оценка и восприятие развития государственноконфессиональных отношений в современной России регулярными членами мусульманских организаций Башкортостана, а также руководителями мусульманских общин Приволжского федерального округа. Проанализированы цивилизационные приоритеты верующих -мусульман республики, определено понимание России как особой цивилизации. Показаны: динамика -рост числа мусульманских объединений в Башкирии; стремление мусульман участвовать в общественной жизни и активно влиять на неё; положительная оценка государственной конфессиональной политики и сферы, в которых сотрудничество государства и религиозных организаций необходимо (духовно-нравственное воспитание и развитие граждан России, благотворительность, культура и образование). Респондентами (регулярными членами мусульманских религиозных организаций и имамами) отмечены адекватность сложившейся модели государственно-религиозных отношений и в то же время -важность их дальнейшего совершенствования, необходимость повышения уровня компетенций в указанной сфере как представителями духовенства, так и госслужащими. Статья написана на основе полевых материалов автора: анкетирования, интервьюирования, бесед.
The article examines the religious aspects of the life of the Muslims of the Southern Urals at the end of the 19th century based on the book by S. G. Rybakov “Music and songs of the Ural Muslims, with an outline of their life” (St. Petersburg, 1897), which, along with extensive material on musical folklore, contains significant material about Muslim rituals, holidays, the education system, the level of religiosity, religious buildings of Muslims and other information. The conclusion is formulated, according to which it is necessary to further study the heritage of S. G. Rybakov, including such areas as the history of Islam and Orthodoxy in the Southern Urals.
The subject of the research is the experience of creating and functioning of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research of the UFRC RAS (MAE IEI UFRC RAS), which is an integral part of the academic museum network formed in the second half of the twentieth century. For a long time, the museum has been exhibiting objects that demonstrate the results of archaeological and ethnographic research in the field of studying the history and culture of the peoples of the Southern Urals. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the creation of the museum, to consider its development to date; to analyze the main directions of work and the results of museum activities, as well as to determine the specifics and prospects for the development of museum activities of the IEI of the UFRC RAS. In the course of the research, the names of scientists and specialists who participated in the formation of collections are named, information about the acquisition of museum funds and state accounting of objects is provided, the features of exposition activity are highlighted, the most interesting exhibitions and current work in this direction are noted, the implementation of excursion activities is shown, the results of project work are highlighted and the most significant projects are described. Attention is also paid to the results of research activities based on archaeological and ethnographic funds, since this work makes a significant contribution to the development of historical science.
The article analyzes the quantitative and qualitative composition of the collection of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Research of the UFRC RAS (MAE IEI UFRC RAS) related to Orthodoxy. It is noted that these items were collected as a result of ethnographic expeditions, donations and purchases, are stored and studied for a long time. The article provides information about the history of the appearance, methods of use, as well as what these objects carried and carry meaning in the religious life of the peoples of Bashkortostan. The conclusion is formulated, according to which, the objects of religious cults from the collection of the MAE are mainly represented by material and pictorial documents. Pictorial sources include icons depicting St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Tabyn Mother of God, especially revered in the Southern Urals, saints and sculptural images of the crucifixions of Christ. The material or material sources include crosses (body, altar), items of church utensils, vestments of priests, etc. In general, the objects of religious cults of the peoples of the Southern Urals are a kind of document, evidence reflecting the historical past of the region. The introduction of museum sources into scientific circulation, their comprehensive study will significantly expand and supplement the source base of research. At the same time, the development of the main problems of preservation, use and interpretation of these sources should become the subject of independent scientific research, which can make a significant contribution to the understanding of the cultural heritage of the Southern Urals, Bashkortostan in particular.
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