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Biosorben cangkang pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) sebagai penyerap zat warna metanil yellow ditinjau dari pH dan model kesetimbangan adsorpsi Pensi shell (Corbicula moltkiana)as a biosorbent for metanil yellow dyes removal: pH and equilibrium model evaluation

Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome is used a traditional medicine and as seasoning. Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome has many bioactivies beneficial to antioxidant. Extraction of antioxidant by maceration method takes a long time and the extraction process is not perfect so ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) are used to accelerate the extraction process. The propose of the research is to extract antioxidant from Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome by UAE and to determinate the antioxidant content by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The optimum condition for extraction were 20 mL methanol as the solvent, the weight of sample 1,5 g, and extraction time 60 minutes. The total antioxidant content from Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome extraction by maceration and UAE were 0.6688 ± 0.02 and 0.8126 ± 0.02 mg/g DW. This study also validated the method of determining the total antioxidant content extracted with ultrasonic. The results of the method validation obtained linearity (r) = -0.9984, LoD value = 0.0283 mg/L, LoQ value = 0.0947 mg/L, precision (SDR = 1.97% and HORRAT = 0.96) and percent recovery 103.21%. Based on the method validation value, it can be said that the determination of the total antioxidant content in the kencur rhizome extracted with the help of UAE can be applied.

Analysis of active compounds in fermented plant extract (FPE) from the ngapi nut peel using Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4) has been done by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). There were 88 compounds found in fermented plant extract, the major content with the area above 1% were 7 compounds such as succinic acid; ethyl hydrogen succinate; 1,2,3-benzetriol; 3,3-dimethylhexanal; L-proline, 1-methyl-5-oxo-methyl ester; 3-methoxycinnamic acid and hexadecanoic acid. Based GC-MS analysis, fermented plant extract indicated that several compounds that have potential as biopesticides.