BackgroundPsychological distress/morbidity is amongst the primary reason for the cause of pain at multiple sites, its progression, and recovery. Though still not very clear if physical pain in the neck or the back may predict psychological morbidities or not. Thus, we investigated the association between combined neck or back pain and psychological distress/morbidity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, including 1,003 individuals. The questionnaire comprised of General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and some questions about neck and back pain. Data analysis was done using statistical software SPSS version 26.0.ResultsThe results of the multivariate analysis revealed a significant positive association between neck/back pain status and total GHQ score (unstandardized Beta = 2.442, P ≤ 0.0001). Having neck/back pain had almost a 2.5 times greater risk of psychological distress/morbidity. Further, females were more likely to have a higher risk of psychological distress/morbidity (unstandardized Beta = 1.334, P = 0.007) than males while adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.ConclusionThe combination of neck and back pain was significantly associated with the Saudi population’s psychological problems. Therefore, the Saudi government needs to devise high-risk strategies and allocate adequate resources to the cause so that at-risk people can be shielded from the adverse complications arising from this condition in the long run.

High parity is associated with the risk of fetomaternal complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders, maternal anemia, preterm labor, miscarriage, postpartum hemorrhage, and perinatal and preterm mortality. The objective of the study was to compare fetomaternal complications in women of high parity with women of low parity. This involved a cohort study on a sample size of 500 women who had singleton births. Data were collected from the Maternity and Child Hospital, Ha’il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Participants were classified into two groups according to parity, i.e., women of low parity and women of high parity. Socio-demographic data and pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, etc., were retrieved from participants’ files. Participants were followed in the postnatal ward until their discharge. The results revealed that women of high parity mostly (49%) were married before 20 years of age, less educated, obese, and were of un-booked cases. Premature babies and fetal mortality are significantly high (0.000) in this group. There is a significant difference between the two groups with respect to maternal anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, joint pain, perineal tear, miscarriage, postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, vaginal tear, and cesarean section. Determinants responsible for high parity should be identified via evidence-based medicine. Public health education programs targeting couples, weight control, nutrition, and contraception would be a cost-effective strategy for reducing the risk of possible fetomaternal complications.

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Background: Pain that exudes and radiate to lower back side and towards the back of leg is defined as sciatica. Aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge and attitude towards sciatica pain and treatment methods among the population of Hail in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A well-defined questionnaire was conceded among the general population. The study subjects include both male and female gender involving the age above 18 years. The data was collected and questionnaire was used to assess public knowledge and awareness of sciatica symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications and treatment. Duration of study was six month and after collection of data, it was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Science Software (SPSS).Results: Among 298 respondents, 206 (69.1%) were females and 148 (49.7%) aged between 18-30 years old. Regarding sciatica pain, s 64.4% of participants defined that most distinctive sign of sciatica is pain that radiates from your lower back into the back or side of your leg. According to multiple regression variables are statistically significantly predicted VO2max, F (6, 291) = 5.131, p < .0005, R 2 = .096. Sciatica was known to of the respondents and 32% were use Physiotherapy and steroid injections are methods to reduce/treat sciatica. Conclusion: Saudi populations have less knowledge about sciatica, as knowledge score (mean ± SD) is 3.6 ± 2.48 its causes and the nature of pain and treatment remedies. Patient education is crucial to treating sciatica. Sciatica can have a variety of reasons.

Abstract. Zafar M, Shahid SMA, Alshammari RF, Kausar MA, Ginawi TAN, Hatim AW, Wadi AM, Ali H, Hamed AA, Al-Zahrani MS, Hussain A, Alduhaim AS, Mohammed A. 2022. Association of thyroid disorders with diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 135-140. Two common endocrine disorders that correlate with each other are diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD). Undiagnosed thyroid disorders (TD) have a high risk for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. A common complication among these patients is cardiovascular disease. This study aims to assess the association of TD among diabetes patients. It is a cross-sectional study, and 338 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were observed through a simple random sampling method from a public sector hospital. The diabetes status of patients was confirmed through clinical and laboratory investigation. Those patients who were under treatment of thyroid were excluded from the study. The chi-square test was used for analysis, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The frequency of TD among diabetic patients was 47.6%. The main type of TD was subclinical hypothyroidism, and its prevalence is 43.8% and 23.5% among patients with T1DM and T2DM, respectively. Subclinical hyperthyroidism prevalences are 12.3% and 24.4% among TIDM and T2DM patients, respectively. The study found a high-frequency rate of TD among DM patients. Therefore, there is a need for regular screening of DM patients for TD and increased awareness regarding TD among DM patients.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common median nerve compression neuropathy. Its symptoms and clinical presentation are well known Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) accounts for approximately 90% of peripheral entrapment neuropathy cases. By this study the level of knowledge and attitude towards carpel tunnel syndrome and treatment methods among the population of Hail in Saudi Arabia is assessed. Methods: A well-defined questionnaire was conceded among the general population. The study subjects include both male and female gender involving the age above 18 years. The data was collected and questionnaire was used to assess public knowledge and awareness of sciatica symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications and treatment. Duration of study was six month and after collection of data, it was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Science Software (SPSS). Results: Among 470 people involved in the study, 40.21% aged between 18 and 30 years old, followed by age group (31-40) with 37.87%, then 21.91% aged more than 40 years old. The majority were Saudi (95.96%). Conclusion: Patient education is crucial regarding Carpel Tunnel Syndrome. It can have a variety of reasons. Most instances of CTS are treated most effectively with conservative measures unless there is an immediate compression of the nerves. The awareness of community was less than expectation among adult population in Hail city 49% and the symptom worsen (59%) in pregnant ladies.

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In the context of the global increase in the rate of cesarean deliveries, with an associated higher morbidity and mortality, this study aimed to investigate the role of maternal age and parity in the cesarean section rate among women in the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia. This retrospective cohort study used data collected from the labor ward of the Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Hail, over a period of 8 months, forming a cohort of 500 women. Women were categorized into four different parity classes. The results revealed that there was no significant relationship between cesarean deliveries and maternal age (p-value, 0.07). There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery between the study’s parity cohort group. A significant increase in cesarean deliveries was noticed among obese women with a BMI between 35–39.9 (52.14%). This increase was even greater among those with a BMI above 40 (63.83%). Fetal distress, malpresentation and abruptio placenta were the most significant indications for CS among all age groups (p-value 0.000, 0.021, and 0.048, respectively). Conclusions: The number of cesarean deliveries has no association with parity or age. However, there was a statistically significant association with BMI, a perineal tear after previous vaginal delivery, and a history of diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes. The most reported reasons for CS were fetal distress, malpresentation, and abruptio placenta among all age groups.